Sarah Richardson talks about her new exciting research on insulin producing beta-cells that are single cells or small clusters rather than in islets. These extra-islet beta-cells make up most of the insulin producing capacity of the pancreas in young children and are particularly susceptible to immune attack in Type 1 diabetes. This important research explains why the loss of insulin producing cells in Type 1 diabetes is more severe in young children and informs future work on treating and preventing Type 1 diabetes.

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Hannah Robinson was the first adult in the UK to be given the new immunotherapy drug Teplizumab, which aims to slow down the development of type 1 diabetes. Hannah had multiple pancreatic autoantibodies and hence is on the path to developing Type 1 diabetes (Series 4 Episode 3). Her consultant, Nick Thomas, arranged 14 consecutive daily hospital visits for her to receive the drug through a drip.

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Jerry Gore has always lived life on the edge; he had tackled some of the highest, and most inhospitable mountain climbs in the world before he was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes aged 40. His Type 1 diabetes has not held him back and he has learnt how to live well with his Type 1 diabetes when climbing at extreme altitude and bitter cold. He helps people living with Type 1 diabetes throughout the world, especially in S E Asia as co-founder of Action4Diabetes (A4D). Rob Andrews is a national expert helping people with Type 1 diabetes to adapt their diabetes care so they can do any extreme activity including mountaineering, long distance swimming, and endurance cycling.

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Chris Bright was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes aged 8 but this did not stop him having a very successful football career including playing international futsal for Wales. He describes the challenges he faced and how he over came them. He has established The Diabetes Football Community that supports football for everyone living with Type 1 diabetes. Dr Rob Andrews helps people with Type 1 diabetes compete in all sports at the highest level. He has set up the Exercise for Type 1 Diabetes (EXTOD) education program for patients and healthcare professionals.

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First steps in delaying adult-onset Type 1 diabetes

When Hannah Robinson was diagnosed with gestational diabetes and found to have islet auto-antibodies she was recognised as being on the path to future Type 1 diabetes. With help from her diabetes consultant, Dr Nick Thomas, she became the first adult in the UK to be given Teplizumab, a new treatment that delays the onset of Type 1 diabetes.

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Dr Rachel Besser explains how new treatment options means it is now important to identify children before they get symptomatic Type 1 diabetes. Rachel is working to make sure testing for risk of Type 1 diabetes is done in the best way for children and their families.

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Richard Oram explains how recent advances have meant we can now delay type 1 diabetes with immunotherapy. To do this we need to be able to identify people at very high risk of developing Type 1 diabetes. Richard thinks genetic analysis could play a part in this identification.

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Jennifer and her mother Helen explain how being born Prader Willi syndrome has had a lifelong impact. One challenge is that Jennifer is continually hungry, and so limiting access to food is needed at all times.

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