Leon Trotsky was a Ukrainian-Russian Marxist revolutionary, political thinker, and political leader who lived from November 7, 1879 to August 21, 1940. He developed a variation of Marxism referred to as Trotskyism after being a communist ideologically.

Trotsky accepted Marxism after moving to Nikolayev in the year 1896, where he was born to a wealthy Ukrainian-Jewish family in Yanovka (now Bereslavka, Ukraine). He was detained and banished to Siberia by Tsarist authorities in the year 1898 for advanced activity. In the year 1902, he got away from Siberia for London, where he ended up being good friends with Vladimir Lenin. At the time of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party's preliminary organizational split in the year 1903, he supported Julius Martov's Mensheviks against Lenin's Bolsheviks.

Trotsky was locked up and deported to Siberia after helping to prepare the unsuccessful Russian Revolution of 1905. He got away again and operated in the UK, Austria, Switzerland, France, Spain, and the US for the next 10 years. After the Tsarist monarchy was toppled in the February Revolution of 1917, Trotsky went back to Russia and signed up with the Bolshevik faction as a leader. He was a popular figure in the November 1917 October Revolution, which deposed the new Provisional Federal government, as head of the Petrograd Soviet.

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