Social Economics
-
-
Poor Economics
- A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty
- By: Abhijit V. Banerjee, Esther Duflo
- Narrated by: Brian Holsopple
- Length: 11 hrs and 30 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo have pioneered the use of randomized control trials in development economics. Work based on these principles, supervised by the Poverty Action Lab, is being carried out in dozens of countries. Drawing on this and their 15 years of research from Chile to India, Kenya to Indonesia, they have identified wholly new aspects of the behavior of poor people, their needs, and the way that aid or financial investment can affect their lives. Their work defies certain presumptions: that microfinance is a cure-all, that schooling equals learning....
-
-
enlightened look at the problems of the poor
- By Liam Jacob on 14-04-2022
-
Poor Economics
- A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty
- Narrated by: Brian Holsopple
- Length: 11 hrs and 30 mins
- Release date: 03-01-2012
- Language: English
- Billions of government dollars, and thousands of charitable organizations and NGOs, are dedicated to helping the world’s poor....
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$27.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
The New Confessions of an Economic Hit Man
- By: John Perkins
- Narrated by: Tom Taylorson
- Length: 12 hrs and 22 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
The previous edition of this now-classic book revealed the existence and subversive manipulations of "economic hit men". John Perkins wrote that economic hit men (EHM) "are highly paid professionals who cheat countries around the globe out of trillions of dollars. Their tools include fraudulent financial reports, rigged elections, payoffs, extortion, sex, and murder".
-
-
Real problems baked with heapings of sophistry.
- By N-0 on 16-04-2021
-
The New Confessions of an Economic Hit Man
- Narrated by: Tom Taylorson
- Length: 12 hrs and 22 mins
- Release date: 09-02-2016
- Language: English
- The previous edition of this now-classic book revealed the existence and subversive manipulations of "economic hit men"....
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$19.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Basic Economics, Fifth Edition
- A Common Sense Guide to the Economy
- By: Thomas Sowell
- Narrated by: Stefan Rudnicki
- Length: 28 hrs and 6 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
In this fifth edition of Basic Economics, Thomas Sowell revises and updates his popular book on commonsense economics, bringing the world into clearer focus through a basic understanding of the fundamental economic principles and how they explain our lives. Drawing on lively examples from around the world and from centuries of history, Sowell explains basic economic principles for the general public in plain English.
-
-
total new perspective
- By Dan on 08-10-2024
-
Basic Economics, Fifth Edition
- A Common Sense Guide to the Economy
- Narrated by: Stefan Rudnicki
- Length: 28 hrs and 6 mins
- Release date: 20-02-2024
- Language: English
-
In this fifth edition of Basic Economics, Thomas Sowell revises and updates his popular book on commonsense economics, bringing the world into clearer focus through a basic understanding of the fundamental economic principles and how they explain our lives....
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$38.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
21st Century Monetary Policy
- The Federal Reserve from the Great Inflation to COVID-19
- By: Ben S. Bernanke
- Narrated by: George Guidall
- Length: 16 hrs and 4 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
A former chair of the Federal Reserve explains the transformation of one our most powerful and consequential institutions.
-
21st Century Monetary Policy
- The Federal Reserve from the Great Inflation to COVID-19
- Narrated by: George Guidall
- Length: 16 hrs and 4 mins
- Release date: 17-05-2022
- Language: English
-
A former chair of the Federal Reserve explains the transformation of one our most powerful and consequential institutions....
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$39.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
The Politically Incorrect Guide to Economics
- The Politically Incorrect Guides
- By: Thomas J. DiLorenzo
- Narrated by: John McLain
- Length: 7 hrs and 26 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Another entry in the best-selling, irreverent, hard-hitting Politically Incorrect Guide series! Economics from a rational, conservative viewpoint—that is, a refreshing look at how money actually works from an author who knows the score, and how the law of economics are frequently broken and derailed by pernicious leftists and virtue signaling progressives.
-
The Politically Incorrect Guide to Economics
- The Politically Incorrect Guides
- Narrated by: John McLain
- Length: 7 hrs and 26 mins
- Release date: 16-08-2022
- Language: English
-
Another entry in the best-selling, irreverent, hard-hitting Politically Incorrect Guide series! Economics from a rational, conservative viewpoint....
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$16.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
A Monetary and Fiscal History of the United States, 1961-2021
- By: Alan S. Blinder
- Narrated by: Todd McLaren
- Length: 15 hrs and 12 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Alan Blinder, one of the world's most influential economists and one of the field's best writers, draws on his deep firsthand experience to provide an authoritative account of sixty years of monetary and fiscal policy in the United States. Spanning twelve presidents, from John F. Kennedy to Joe Biden, and eight Federal Reserve chairs, from William McChesney Martin to Jerome Powell, this is an insider's story of macroeconomic policy that hasn't been told before—one that is a pleasure to listen to, and as interesting as it is important.
-
A Monetary and Fiscal History of the United States, 1961-2021
- Narrated by: Todd McLaren
- Length: 15 hrs and 12 mins
- Release date: 11-10-2022
- Language: English
-
Alan Blinder, one of the world's most influential economists and one of the field's best writers, draws on his deep firsthand experience to provide an authoritative account of sixty years of monetary and fiscal policy in the United States....
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$26.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
The Big Three in Economics
- Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and John Maynard Keynes
- By: Mark Skousen
- Narrated by: Jeff Riggenbach
- Length: 9 hrs and 6 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
The Big Three in Economics reveals the battle of ideas among the three most influential economists in world history: Adam Smith, representing laissez faire; Karl Marx, reflecting the radical socialist model; and John Maynard Keynes, symbolizing big government and the welfare state. History comes alive in this fascinating story of opposing views that continue to play a fundamental role in today's politics and economics.
-
-
WILDLY BIASED
- By Anonymous on 18-11-2019
-
The Big Three in Economics
- Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and John Maynard Keynes
- Narrated by: Jeff Riggenbach
- Length: 9 hrs and 6 mins
- Release date: 09-04-2007
- Language: English
- The Big Three in Economics reveals the battle of ideas among the three most influential economists in world history....
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$19.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Confessions of an Economic Hitman
- By: John Perkins
- Narrated by: Brian Emerson
- Length: 9 hrs and 16 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
"Economic hit men," John Perkins writes, "are highly paid professionals who cheat countries around the globe out of trillions of dollars. Their tools include fraudulent financial reports, rigged elections, payoffs, extortion, sex, and murder."
-
-
Wish I knew of this book ages ago
- By Alex on 05-01-2023
-
Confessions of an Economic Hitman
- Narrated by: Brian Emerson
- Length: 9 hrs and 16 mins
- Release date: 28-04-2005
- Language: English
- This is the inside story of how America turned from a respected republic into a feared empire....
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$19.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Harvest
- The True Cost of Cotton
- By: Maryam Aslany, Rana Dasgupta
- Narrated by: Pooya Mohseni, Nadia Marshall, Vikas Adam, and others
- Length: 2 hrs and 58 mins
- Original Recording
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Harvest transports listeners to the beautiful and eerie world of India’s cotton fields. Source of the most intimate and universal of commodities, we find these white-flecked lands pushed to their limit by global pressures.
-
Harvest
- The True Cost of Cotton
- Narrated by: Pooya Mohseni, Nadia Marshall, Vikas Adam, Manu Narayan, Azhar Khan, Anjali Bhimani, Lucy Rayner, Sandeep C Deshpande, Pushan Kripalani, Robbin Singh, Sachit Murthy, Nagesh Prasad, Mahika Singh, Ankita Podder
- Length: 2 hrs and 58 mins
- Release date: 18-09-2025
- Language: English
-
Harvest transports listeners to the beautiful and eerie world of India’s cotton fields. Source of the most intimate and universal of commodities, we find these white-flecked lands pushed to their limit by global pressures.
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$20.83 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century
- The Princeton Economic History of the Western World
- By: Walter Scheidel
- Narrated by: Joel Richards
- Length: 17 hrs and 30 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Are mass violence and catastrophes the only forces that can seriously decrease economic inequality? To judge by thousands of years of history, the answer is yes. Tracing the global history of inequality from the Stone Age to today, Walter Scheidel shows that inequality never dies peacefully. Inequality declines when carnage and disaster strike and increases when peace and stability return. The Great Leveler is the first book to chart the crucial role of violent shocks in reducing inequality over the full sweep of human history around the world.
-
The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century
- The Princeton Economic History of the Western World
- Narrated by: Joel Richards
- Length: 17 hrs and 30 mins
- Release date: 30-09-2025
- Language: English
-
Are mass violence and catastrophes the only forces that can seriously decrease economic inequality? To judge by thousands of years of history, the answer is yes.
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$34.12 or listen with Premium Plus when released
-
-
-
Shared Prosperity in a Fractured World
- A New Economics for the Middle Class, the Global Poor, and Our Climate
- By: Dani Rodrik
- Narrated by: Jim Lee
- Length: 9 hrs and 14 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Fighting climate change, saving democracy, and eradicating poverty are urgent global challenges, yet the world's leaders continue to pursue outdated policies that focus on one while worsening the tradeoffs between each of them. Shared Prosperity in a Fractured World shows how the nations of the world can achieve all three objectives.
-
Shared Prosperity in a Fractured World
- A New Economics for the Middle Class, the Global Poor, and Our Climate
- Narrated by: Jim Lee
- Length: 9 hrs and 14 mins
- Release date: 04-11-2025
- Language: English
-
This audiobook narrated by Jim Lee shares practical approaches to confronting today's most daunting global issues.
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$27.27 or listen with Premium Plus when released
-
-
-
Narrative Economics
- How Stories Go Viral and Drive Major Economic Events
- By: Robert J. Shiller
- Narrated by: Susan Osman, Robert J. Shiller - introduction
- Length: 11 hrs and 7 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Spread through the public in the form of popular stories, ideas can go viral and move markets - whether it's the belief that tech stocks can only go up or that housing prices never fall. Whether true or false, stories like these - transmitted by word of mouth, by the news media, and increasingly by social media - drive the economy by driving our decisions about how and where to invest, how much to spend and save, and more. But despite the obvious importance of such stories, most economists have paid little attention to them. Narrative Economics sets out to change that.
-
-
Interesting but not as good as Shiller’s other books
- By Sean on 30-07-2021
-
Narrative Economics
- How Stories Go Viral and Drive Major Economic Events
- Narrated by: Susan Osman, Robert J. Shiller - introduction
- Length: 11 hrs and 7 mins
- Release date: 01-10-2019
- Language: English
-
The stories people tell - about economic confidence or panic, housing booms, the American dream, or Bitcoin - affect economic outcomes. Narrative Economics explains how we can begin to take these stories seriously. It may be Robert Shiller's most important book to date....
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$24.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Capitalism and Its Critics
- A Battle of Ideas in the Modern World
- By: John Cassidy
- Narrated by: Nathaniel Priestley
- Length: 23 hrs and 18 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
At a time when we are faced with fundamental questions about the sustainability of the economic system, Capitalism and Its Critics provides a kaleidoscopic history of the now dominant system of global capitalism, from colonialism and the Industrial Revolution to the ecological crisis and artificial intelligence. John Cassidy adopts a bold new approach: he tells the story through the eyes of the system’s critics.
-
-
Mostly about critics lives, not economics
- By Anonymous on 25-06-2025
-
Capitalism and Its Critics
- A Battle of Ideas in the Modern World
- Narrated by: Nathaniel Priestley
- Length: 23 hrs and 18 mins
- Release date: 13-05-2025
- Language: English
-
Blending biography, panoramic history, and lively exploration of economic theories, Capitalism and Its Critics illuminates the deep roots of many of the most urgent issues of our time.
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$33.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Equality
- What It Means and Why It Matters
- By: Thomas Piketty, Michael J. Sandel
- Narrated by: Derek Dysart, Stephen Graybill
- Length: 2 hrs and 32 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
In this compelling dialogue, two of the world’s most influential thinkers reflect on the value of equality and debate what citizens and governments should do to narrow the gaps that separate us. Ranging across economics, philosophy, history, and current affairs, Thomas Piketty and Michael Sandel consider how far we have come in achieving greater equality. At the same time, they confront head-on the extreme divides that remain in wealth, income, power, and status nationally and globally.
-
Equality
- What It Means and Why It Matters
- Narrated by: Derek Dysart, Stephen Graybill
- Length: 2 hrs and 32 mins
- Release date: 21-01-2025
- Language: English
-
In this compelling dialogue, two of the world’s most influential thinkers reflect on the value of equality and debate what citizens and governments should do to narrow the gaps that separate us.
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$12.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
The Economic Weapon
- The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War
- By: Nicholas Mulder
- Narrated by: Liam Gerrard
- Length: 12 hrs and 25 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Economic sanctions dominate the landscape of world politics today. First developed in the early twentieth century as a way of exploiting the flows of globalization to defend liberal internationalism, their appeal is that they function as an alternative to war. This view, however, ignores the dark paradox at their core: designed to prevent war, economic sanctions are modeled on devastating techniques of warfare.
-
The Economic Weapon
- The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War
- Narrated by: Liam Gerrard
- Length: 12 hrs and 25 mins
- Release date: 11-01-2022
- Language: English
-
Economic sanctions dominate the landscape of world politics today. First developed in the early 20th century as a way of exploiting the flows of globalization to defend liberal internationalism, their appeal is that they function as an alternative to war....
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$26.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Nudge
- Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness
- By: Richard H. Thaler, Cass R. Sunstein
- Narrated by: Sean Pratt
- Length: 10 hrs and 35 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Every day, we make decisions on topics ranging from personal investments to schools for our children to the meals we eat to the causes we champion. Unfortunately, we often choose poorly. The reason, the authors explain, is that, being human, we are all susceptible to various biases that can lead us to blunder. Our mistakes can make us poor and unhealthy. We often make bad decisions about education, personal finance, health care, family, and the environment.
-
Nudge
- Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness
- Narrated by: Sean Pratt
- Length: 10 hrs and 35 mins
- Release date: 02-07-2008
- Language: English
- Every day, we make decisions on topics ranging from personal investments to schools for our children to the meals we eat to the causes we champion....
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$25.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
aBundance
- The Wealth of Networks
- By: Rufus Round
- Narrated by: Rufus Round
- Length: 1 hr and 59 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
aBundance: The Wealth of Networks reveals how better incentives can reshape our democracies, our money, and progress itself. Humanity’s greatest advances have been marred by unsustainable debt and extreme wealth disparity—problems solvable when openness, accountability, and sustainability form the backbone of our systems. This is essential listening for anyone who senses something is deeply wrong—and is ready to act.
-
aBundance
- The Wealth of Networks
- Narrated by: Rufus Round
- Length: 1 hr and 59 mins
- Release date: 27-08-2025
- Language: English
-
aBundance reveals how better incentives can reshape our democracies, our money, and progress itself. Humanity’s greatest advances have been marred by unsustainable debt and extreme wealth disparity—problems solvable when openness, accountability, and sustainability form the backbone of our systems.
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$9.68 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Austrian Economics and Public Policy
- Restoring Freedom and Prosperity
- By: Richard Ebeling
- Narrated by: Larry Wayne
- Length: 15 hrs and 33 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Austrian economics is the most powerful explanation of why governments, no matter how well-intentioned, lack the knowledge, wisdom, and ability to direct the lives of multitudes of people better than those people can do for themselves. In this book, economist Richard Ebeling introduces you to the central ideas in Austrian economics, as well as their importance for us today.
-
Austrian Economics and Public Policy
- Restoring Freedom and Prosperity
- Narrated by: Larry Wayne
- Length: 15 hrs and 33 mins
- Release date: 26-04-2017
- Language: English
- Austrian economics is the most powerful explanation of why governments, no matter how well-intentioned, lack the knowledge, wisdom, and ability to direct the lives of multitudes of people....
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$27.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
The Economic Consequences of the Peace
- By: John Maynard Keynes
- Narrated by: Jonathan Keeble
- Length: 8 hrs and 17 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919) was one of the most important documents to come out of World War I – specifically the period of the Armistice and the subsequent settlement negotiations. And, a century on, it remains of particular relevance to our times – an uncompromising and forthright analysis of how international diplomacy can be suffused by personalities, prejudices, personal ambition and outright, uncontrolled feelings of revenge.
-
-
Interesting read!
- By Hayden M on 17-12-2022
-
The Economic Consequences of the Peace
- Narrated by: Jonathan Keeble
- Length: 8 hrs and 17 mins
- Release date: 11-09-2018
- Language: English
-
The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919) was one of the most important documents to come out of World War I - specifically the period of the Armistice and the subsequent settlement negotiations. And, a century on, it remains of particular relevance to our times....
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$35.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
The Fate of the Americas: The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Hemispheric Cold War
- InterConnections: The Global Twentieth Century
- By: Renata Keller
- Narrated by: Reina Mystique
- Length: 10 hrs
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Drawing on a vast array of archival sources from around the hemisphere and world, The Fate of the Americas demonstrates that even at the brink of destruction, Latin Americans played active roles in global politics and inter-American relations.
-
The Fate of the Americas: The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Hemispheric Cold War
- InterConnections: The Global Twentieth Century
- Narrated by: Reina Mystique
- Length: 10 hrs
- Release date: 21-10-2025
- Language: English
-
Drawing on a vast array of archival sources from around the hemisphere and world, The Fate of the Americas demonstrates that even at the brink of destruction, Latin Americans played active roles in global politics and inter-American relations.
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$24.37 or listen with Premium Plus when released
-