Scleroderma is a disease characterised by the hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues. The first medical description can be traced back to the 1750s.

Our understanding has evolved over the centuries but the pathogenesis remains largely unknown. The disease as several forms including diffuse and localised. Symptoms include skin discoloration and tightness to more severe complications like organ dysfunction.

Fortunately we have several different treatment options available for patients that can assist them in managing this disease.

This is the story of Scleroderma.

Our special guest:

Our special guest is Dr. Daman Langguth, a renowned clinical and laboratory immunologist with deep expertise in autoimmune diseases. Dr. Langguth discusses the importance of recognising scleroderma’s symptoms, the critical nature of early diagnosis, and the latest advancements in treatment.

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In 1901, the state of Montana organised for scientists and doctors to investigate a mysterious illness from the Bitterroot Valley called ‘Black measles’ and ‘Black typhus’. People of all ages were affected but predominantly those who worked in the brush and were exposed to tick bites. The investigators called it ‘tick fever’ and this particular strain had a mortality rate over eighty percent.

Today this disease is known as Rocky Mountain spotted fever. In Australia, it is sometimes called ‘spotted fever’ or ‘Queensland tick typhus’. It is caused by an obligate intracellular bacterial micro-organism (needs a cell to survive). This organism is very difficult to culture and can be even more difficult to diagnose but surprisingly easy to treat. Rickettsial disease is an under-recognised infection and important in the differential diagnosis of any patients presenting with fevers, headaches and rash.

This is the story of Rickettsia

Our special guest:

Our special guest is Professor Stephen Graves who is a medical microbiology and founder of the Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory (ARRL). He specialises is infectious diseases transmitted by ectoparasites such as ticks, lice, fleas and mites.

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Our understanding of infectious disease and pathology stems from the 19th century with Robert Koch pioneering research. Dr Koch help to shaped modern microbiology and medicine when he identified the causative agents for anthrax and tuberculosis. Since that time, the number of infectious microorganisms that we know of that cause illness and diseases has increased exponentially. Thanks to modern day techniques, laboratories can test for these agents directly or indirectly and get an answer often within hours.

As such, microbiology is on the verge of a new era. Instead of the principle of one test: one micro-organism, we are moving into the realm where one test can detect hundreds of potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes in a single stool sample. The new test is called Metapanel. This includes 175 gene targets using metagenomics (shotgun gene sequencing) and is able to detect bacteria, viruses, helminths, protozoa, fungi, microsporidia. This information is collated and reported by a pathologist and advice given as to what is the implications of the result. The test is ideally suited for patients with chronic diarrhoea, inflammatory bowel disease and/or inflammatory bowel syndrome.

This is the story of advanced faeces testing and Metapanel

** Please note: General Practitioners in Australia, will be able to claim CPD points after listening to this episode. Full details and registration, coming shortly.

Our special guest:

Dr Michael Wehrhahn is the Director of Molecular Biology and Infectious serology at Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology. Michael has a Master in Public Health, is an Infectious Disease Specialist as well as a Microbiologist and Adjunct Senior Lecturer at the University of Notre Dame.

Dr Wehrhahn is actively involved in research on clinical and laboratory aspects of a range of microorganisms and is a reviewer for a number of journals. Michael has been involved in researching and validating the new Metapanel available through Sonic in conjunction with Microba.

This Medical Life podcast is available on all podcasting services and Spotify. Help support us at https://www.patreon.com/ThisMedicalLife

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.