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The Synthesis of Wellness®

The Synthesis of Wellness®

By: Chloe Porter
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 Chloe Porter is dedicated to health research and optimization. She is the host of The Synthesis of Wellness ® Podcast; an engineer; and an acclaimed health science speaker, expert, and best-selling author known for her deep dives into gastrointestinal function, functional health, and health optimization.Chloe Porter Alternative & Complementary Medicine Hygiene & Healthy Living
Episodes
  • 198. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth & Hypochlorhydria | Low Stomach Acid, Intestinal Microbiome Dysbiosis, & a Brief Conversation on the Oral Microbiome

    198. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth & Hypochlorhydria | Low Stomach Acid, Intestinal Microbiome Dysbiosis, & a Brief Conversation on the Oral Microbiome
    Sep 19 2025
    In this encore episode, we detail hypochlorhydria while reviewing gastric lining anatomy, highlighting hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion and its role in digestion, micronutrient absorption, and microbial defense. We discuss potential downstream effects of hypochlorhydria, including impaired digestive signaling, bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine (SIBO), and more. Lastly, we detail upstream microbial control, focusing on possible influences of the oral microbiome and oral dysbiosis.Topics: 1. Introduction- Highlighting the stomach and hypochlorhydria / low stomach acid, as well as microbial balance, dysbiosis, and overgrowth.- Discussion of intestinal microbiome and oral microbiome. 2. Gastric Anatomy and Mucosal Layers- The stomach: cardia, fundus, body, pylorus.- The gastric mucosa: epithelial lining, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae.- The epithelial layer: mucous cells, parietal cells, chief cells, enteroendocrine cells.- Beneath the mucosa: submucosa and muscular layers that contribute to gastric motility, mechanical digestion, and more. 3. Mucous Cells - The surface epithelium and gastric pits.- Secretion of thick, viscous mucus.- Protecting the epithelium.- The mucus traps bicarbonate ions: neutral microenvironment that protects against acid-induced damage. 4. Parietal Cells and Gastric Acid Secretion- Secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl): denatures dietary proteins, sterilizes ingested food.- Parietal cells produce intrinsic factor: binds vitamin B12 to facilitate absorption in the ileum. 5. Chief Cells and Pepsinogen- Secretion of pepsinogen: activated by low pH into the proteolytic enzyme pepsin.- Pepsin and protein digestion.- Release of gastric lipase. 6. Hydrochloric Acid: Digestive and Protective Roles- Immune defense.- Pepsinogen activation.- Adequate gastric acidity essential for properly acidified chyme.- Priming release of bile and pancreatic enzymes. 7. The Small Intestine, Stomach, and Microbial Regulation- The pyloric sphincter.- The stomach supports minimal microbial diversity.- Acidic barrier aids in limiting the entry of opportunistic microbes into the small intestine. 8. Hypochlorhydria, Low Stomach Acid- Hypochlorhydria can compromise one of the body's defense mechanisms.- Colonization of the small intestine.- Insufficient pepsinogen activation and possible protein digestion impairment.- Suboptimal chyme formation and downstream digestive capacity.- Possible symptoms of hypochlorhydria.- Possible impaired absorption of micronutrients including vitamin B12, iron, calcium, magnesium.- H. pylori infection, autoimmunity, aging. 9. The Oral Microbiome, Intestinal Microbiome, and Dysbiosis- Oral and environmental microbes.- Altered gastric pH, bile, digestive enzymes, and more.- The oral cavity as the gateway to the GI tract.- Oral microbial species.- Oral hygiene and oral microbiome health. 10. Conclusion- Root-cause approach.Thank you to our episode sponsor: 1. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠OmneDiem®'s⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Histamine Digest®⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Histamine Digest® PureMAX⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ : Use code STXAL9VI for 15% off.2. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Histamine Digest® Histamine Complete⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ with DAO, Vitamin C, Quercetin, Bromelain, and Stinging Nettle Root Extract: Use code STXAL9VI for 15% off.Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠
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    15 mins
  • 197. Hydrogen Sulfide-Dominant SIBO | Gastrointestinal Motility, Hypochlorhydria, Symptoms, Other SIBO Subtypes & More

    197. Hydrogen Sulfide-Dominant SIBO | Gastrointestinal Motility, Hypochlorhydria, Symptoms, Other SIBO Subtypes & More
    Sep 12 2025
    In this encore episode, we detail hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)-dominant small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), focusing on intestinal motility. We briefly review anatomy, focusing on and detailing the interplay between structures supporting motility. Lastly, we detail possible symptoms of hydrogen sulfide-dominant SIBO as well as possible overlap between or among subtypes.Topics:1. Introduction to Hydrogen Sulfide-Dominant SIBO - Overview of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) SIBO - H₂S production - Sulfur-containing amino acids - Physiological roles of H₂S vs. in excess 2. Hydrogen Sulfide and Gastrointestinal Motility - Possible impact on transit - Possible association with IBS-like symptoms in excess 3. Anatomy: Intestinal Motility - ENS as the "second brain" - Myenteric and submucosal plexuses: regulation of peristalsis, secretion, blood flow - Gut-brain axis involvement - ICCs as pacemaker cells - MMC’s role in clearing debris and bacteria 4. Dysregulated Motility and SIBO5. Overlap Across SIBO Subtypes - Possible symptoms - Hydrogen and H₂S-dominant SIBO vs. IMO 6. Gastric Acid and Its Role - HCl secretion by parietal cells and its role in digestion and microbial defense - Hypochlorhydria 7. Conclusion - Root cause approach.Thank you to our episode sponsor: 1. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠OmneDiem®'s⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Histamine Digest®⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Histamine Digest® PureMAX⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ : Use code STXAL9VI for 15% off.2. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Histamine Digest® Histamine Complete⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ with DAO, Vitamin C, Quercetin, Bromelain, and Stinging Nettle Root Extract: Use code STXAL9VI for 15% off.Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠
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    16 mins
  • 196. The Stomach, Gastric Acid, & Vitamin B12 | With a Brief Conversation on H. pylori

    196. The Stomach, Gastric Acid, & Vitamin B12 | With a Brief Conversation on H. pylori
    Sep 5 2025
    In this encore episode, we highlight the stomach's role in vitamin B12 absorption and bioavailability, detailing the cellular composition of the gastric mucosa and further highlighting mucous cells, parietal cells, and chief cells. We also briefly discuss Helicobacter pylori and common symptoms, while detailing H. pylori's potential impacts on the gastric mucosal barrier. Topics:1. Introduction- Overview of the stomach's role in B12 absorption- Helicobacter pylori 2. H. pylori Overview- Gram-negative bacterium, can colonize the stomach lining- Many individuals remain asymptomatic- Symptoms - Can contribute to gastritis and peptic ulcers- Produces urease, hydrolyzes urea into ammonia (NH₃) andcarbon dioxide (CO₂)- Ammonia neutralizes stomach acid locally, protective microenvironment- H. pylori damages the mucosal barrier and contributes to persistence- Possesses additional virulence factors 3. Gastric Anatomy - Stomach is divided into the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus- The gastric mucosa - The epithelial lining; mucous cells, parietal cells, chief cells, and more 4. Mucous Cells and Mucosal Protection - Line the gastric pits and secrete thick, viscous mucus- Mucus composed of water, mucin glycoproteins, and other low-molecular-weight molecules- Traps bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻)- Shields the stomach lining 5. Parietal Cells - Located in the gastric glands, predominantly in the fundus and body- Secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl)- Secrete intrinsic factor (IF) 6. Vitamin B12 Overview - Cobalamin: DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, neurological function, methylation, and more- Methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin- Non-active forms include hydroxocobalamin and synthetic cyanocobalamin 7. Vitamin B12 Absorption Pathway - B12 is released from proteins by HCl and pepsin- Binds first to haptocorrin- In the small intestine, pancreatic enzymes degrade haptocorrin- B12 binds intrinsic factor - Absorption in the ileum - Impairment 8. Chief Cells - Located in the gastric glands- Secrete pepsinogen, activated by acid into pepsin- Also secrete gastric lipase 9. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) - Secreted by parietal cells- Denatures dietary proteins and activates pepsinogen- Acts as a defense mechanism by aiding in sterilizing ingested food 10. Relevance of H. pylori - Produces urease that breaks down urea into NH₃ and CO₂- Ammonia neutralizes acid locally, forming a protective “bubble”- Enhances mucosal damage and microbial persistence 11. B12 Absorption - Multiple factors and root causes can impair absorption- H. pylori 12. Hypochlorhydria - Symptoms- Absorption: vitamin B12, iron, calcium, magnesium, more- Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) 13. Conclusion- Multi-factorial, root cause approachThank you to our episode sponsor: 1. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠OmneDiem®'s⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Histamine Digest®⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Histamine Digest® PureMAX⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ : Use code STXAL9VI for 15% off.2. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Histamine Digest® Histamine Complete⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ with DAO, Vitamin C, Quercetin, Bromelain, and Stinging Nettle Root Extract: Use code STXAL9VI for 15% off.Thanks for tuning in!Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porterVisit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more!
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    15 mins
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