Long before Prohibition, long before speakeasies and Tommy guns, Pittsburgh’s underworld was already taking shape—quietly, violently, and largely unseen.

This episode traces the true origins of organized crime in Western Pennsylvania, beginning not with a Mafia family as we know it today, but with knives in an alley, whispered threats, and fear used as a business model. We open on October 28, 1892, when a brutal Sicilian knife duel erupts on a dusty Pittsburgh street—an encounter that nearly kills Salvatore “The Banana King” Catanzaro and sets the tone for everything that follows.

From there, the story widens. We travel back to southern Italy and the Mezzogiorno to understand the conditions that shaped the men who would later carry old-world codes of silence, honor, and vengeance across the Atlantic. We follow Italian immigrants into the mills, mines, and boarding houses of Pittsburgh and its surrounding towns—places where law enforcement was distant, protection was unreliable, and fear became currency.

At the center of this episode is the rise of the Black Hand. Through contemporaneous newspaper accounts, police reports, and court records, we reconstruct a chilling pattern of extortion, kidnappings, bombings, and assassinations that terrorized Italian communities from the early 1900s through the First World War. Letters marked with daggers and bloody handprints. Demands signed “La Mano Nera.” Victims who paid, victims who vanished, and victims who fought back.

We follow real cases that gripped the city: the kidnapping of a Brooklyn child believed hidden in Pittsburgh, assassinations tied to refusal to pay tribute, mining towns paralyzed by fear, and bodies burned or dumped in the hills outside the city. We examine how authorities alternately dismissed, denied, and misunderstood what was happening—even as the violence escalated.

Threaded through it all is Salvatore Catanzaro—a man remembered publicly as a successful fruit merchant, civic leader, and pillar of the Italian community, yet whispered about by historians as Pittsburgh’s first Mafia boss. We explore his rise from Sicily to America, his near-fatal duel, his quiet accumulation of influence through legitimate business, and the mystery surrounding his true role in the city’s early underworld. Was he a padrone who ruled through respect rather than blood? Or a myth retroactively shaped by later generations?

By the episode’s end, one thing is clear: the Black Hand did not disappear—it evolved. As Prohibition loomed, extortion gave way to bootlegging, and loose networks hardened into organized hierarchies. The foundations of the Pittsburgh Mafia were already in place, built on fear, silence, and survival.

This is not a romanticized story. It’s a reconstruction—grounded in primary sources—of how organized crime took root in a city better known for steel and smoke than secret societies. And it’s the first chapter in a much longer, darker history still to come.

In this episode of The Gangland History Podcast, host Jacob Stoops interviews acclaimed author and Mafia historian Scott Deitche, one of the nation’s foremost experts on organized crime in Florida and the Trafficante crime family.

Together, they trace the full evolution of the Tampa Mafia — from its earliest days under Ignazio Italiano, through decades of bloody rivalries, Cuban connections, and political intrigue, to its quiet decline under the final generation of mob leadership.

The conversation begins with the waves of Italian immigration to Tampa’s Ybor City and the cigar industry that built both the economy and the foundation of the underworld. From there, Scott and Jacob explore Tampa’s first crime boss, Ignazio Italiano, and the city’s early reputation as a hotbed of vice, gambling, and corruption.

Listeners will hear about the 1928 Hotel Statler Meeting, where Mafia leaders from across the country gathered to define territories and business interests — putting Tampa’s underworld squarely on the national map.

From there, the episode dives into the violent Charlie Wall era, when the powerful gambling czar ruled Tampa’s rackets amid a feud that pitted him against Ignazio Antinori and Santo Trafficante, Sr. The bloody power struggle culminated in Antinori’s assassination in 1940, marking a turning point that ushered in the Trafficante dynasty.

Under Santo Trafficante, Sr., Tampa’s mob consolidated power — but not without conflict. His clashes with Red Italiano and Jimmy Lumia (whose murder rocked the city) underscored the treacherous nature of Mafia politics in Florida.

After Sr.’s death in the 1950's, his son Santo Trafficante, Jr. rose to prominence as Boss of the borgata, leading the family for 30+ years through its golden age. Under Santo Jr.'s his reign, the Tampa Mafia reached international stature, with deep ties to Cuba’s casino industry, relationships with New Orleans boss Carlos Marcello, and a presence at the Apalachin and Kefauver hearings that exposed the Mafia’s nationwide reach.

As the decades unfolded, Trafficante Jr. found himself entangled in the web of Kennedy-era politics, CIA intrigue, and allegations surrounding Cuba and the Bay of Pigs, while maintaining his position as one of the most powerful and respected Mafia bosses in America.

Scott and Jacob also examine the decline of the Tampa mob as Trafficante Jr. aged — and how figures like Frank “Daddy Frank” Diecidue and Vincent “Vince” LoScalzo carried the torch into the family’s final chapter. By the 1990s, with LoScalzo as the last recognized boss, the once-powerful Tampa Mafia had faded quietly into history.

This episode offers a comprehensive, rigorously researched look at the rise, dominance, and fall of the Trafficante family — a story that blends Southern charm, Cuban influence, and old-world Mafia tradition into one of the most fascinating organized crime sagas in America.

📚 About Scott Deitche:

Scott Deitche is the author of Cigar City Mafia, The Silent Don, and Garden State Gangland, among other acclaimed works on organized crime. His deep research and storytelling have made him one of the leading voices on the history of the American Mafia, particularly in Florida. Learn more at ScottDeitche.com

In this episode of the podcast, I’m joined by author Ron K. Fried for a deep dive into one of the most compelling figures in organized crime history: Frank Costello, the mob boss who rose to power during Prohibition and later became known as the “Prime Minister of the Underworld.” We discuss Ron’s novel Frank Costello: A Novel—a carefully researched work of historical fiction that vividly brings Costello’s complex character to life. Together, we explore the real-life events behind the book and how Ron approached writing about a man who straddled the worlds of organized crime and political power.

We start with Costello’s early years—his immigration from Sicily, his upbringing in East Harlem, and how he gravitated toward petty crime and gang life. In this environment, he met future legends like Charles “Lucky” Luciano, Meyer Lansky, Benjamin “Bugsy” Siegel, and Vito Genovese—key figures in the creation of a national crime syndicate.

During Prohibition, Costello built his fortune and reputation through bootlegging, running extensive liquor operations, and leveraging alliances that would shape the mob’s future. We discuss the bloody 1931 power shift following the assassinations of Joe Masseria and Salvatore Maranzano, which led to the formation of the Five Families. As Luciano’s trusted associate, Costello rose in the ranks of what would become the Genovese Crime Family.

We explore the mid-1930s transition period when Luciano was imprisoned and Genovese fled to Italy to avoid a murder charge. This opened the door for Costello to become acting boss, a position he would hold for nearly 20 years. During this time, he built a reputation as a refined, politically connected mobster who favored influence over brute force—garnering real sway in political and judicial circles.

We delve into Costello’s political entanglements, including the wiretap involving Judge Thomas Aurelio, in which Costello was caught influencing judicial appointments. We also examine his ties to New York Mayor William O’Dwyer and his suspected involvement in the mysterious death of Abe Reles, a Murder, Inc. informant who “fell” from a window while under police protection.

One major focus is Costello’s appearance at the 1951 Kefauver Committee hearings, a turning point in his career. His decision to only allow his hands to be filmed became a media sensation and diminished his power and mystique. The public scrutiny weakened his position and empowered rivals—most notably, Vito Genovese, who sought to reclaim the top spot in the family.

We look at the 1957 assassination attempt on Costello, carried out by Vincent “The Chin” Gigante on Genovese’s orders. Though Costello survived, he chose to step down. We also discuss the murder of Albert Anastasia later that year, and the theory that Costello may have had a hand in framing Genovese, leading to his 1959 conviction on narcotics charges.

From there, we examine Costello’s final years, during which he remained influential behind the scenes but largely retired from active leadership. We reflect on his complex legacy: a ruthless gangster who carefully curated an image of legitimacy and respectability. Ron shares how he explored that duality in his novel—bringing humanity to a man who lived in both the criminal underworld and the corridors of political power.

We also discuss mob portrayals in film and television, and look ahead to the upcoming 2025 gangster film Alto Knights, a much-anticipated movie featuring dramatizations of several key historical figures we covered. Our conversation touches on why the Mafia continues to fascinate the public and how Frank Costello’s story stands apart as one of strategy, survival, and power.

📘 Check out Ron K. Fried’s book Frank Costello: A Novel – available wherever books are sold. https://www.amazon.com/Frank-Costello-Excelsior-Editions-Ronald/dp/143849114X