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Visual Disturbance: Free MSRA Podcast

Visual Disturbance: Free MSRA Podcast

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 🎧FREE MSRA PODCAST –Visual Disturbance: Causes, Clues & Clinical Thinking 👁️Welcome to the Deep Dive. Today we unpack Visual Disturbance — one of the most broad and important symptoms in ophthalmologyand neurology for the MSRA. Whether it's blurriness, flashes, or total visionloss, we'll guide you through how to think clearly when your patient says, “Ican't see properly.” 🧠What You'll Learn inThis Episode:✅Definition• Visual disturbance = any abnormal change invision• Can be transient or permanent, mild blurring to fullvision loss• Not a diagnosisitself – it's a red flag symptom 🔍Mnemonic for Causes –RUNMSR – Refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia)U – Underlying ocular diseases (cataracts,glaucoma, macular degeneration)N – Neuro causes (migraine, TIA, stroke, MS)M – Medications (e.g. digoxin, topiramate,hydroxychloroquine)S – Systemic disease (diabetes, hypertension,vasculitis) 👁️‍🗨️Risk Factors• Ageing – ↑ risk of cataracts, AMD• Diabetes – retinopathy• Neurological history – MS, stroke• Family history – glaucoma, macular degeneration• Contact lenses or toxins – drug-induced changes 🧬PathophysiologySimplified• Refraction errors – light not focused correctly• Retinal damage – diabetic or hypertensivedamage• Optic nerve problems – inflammation,compression• Visual pathway disruption – central causes(e.g. occipital lobe stroke)• Systemic insults – affect ocularmicrovasculature ⚠️DifferentialDiagnosis Must-Knows• Retinal detachment(flashes, curtain falling down)• Optic neuritis(painful vision loss, colour desaturation)• Migraine with aura• TIA or stroke(sudden monocular or hemianopic vision loss)• Giant CellArteritis in elderly• Toxic ordrug-induced (e.g. ethambutol, amiodarone) 📊Epidemiology Notes• Very commonpresenting complaint in primary care and A&E• True prevalencedepends on the cause• Refractive errors are the most common• Retinal and opticnerve causes much less common but more serious 🩺Symptoms (HighlyVariable)• Blurred vision• Visual fielddefects (e.g. tunnel vision, altitudinal loss)• Diplopia (doublevision)• Photophobia• Flashes orfloaters• Complete visionloss (central or peripheral) 🧪Investigations• Visual acuity testing• Fundoscopy & slit lamp examination• Visual fields (Humphrey)• OCT for retina• Bloods – FBC, ESR, CRP, glucose, autoimmunescreen• Neuroimaging (MRI/CT) if neurological causesuspected 💊Management Approach🔹Refractive error → glasses/contact lenses🔹Cataracts → lens replacement surgery🔹Retinal issues → urgent ophthalmology referral🔹Neurological causes → specialist input (TIA clinic, neurology)🔹Diabetes-related → optimise sugar control + retinal screening🔹Medication-related → stop the offending drug if safe 📈Prognosis• Excellent in most refractive or temporary cases• Guarded in progressiveor untreated conditions like glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy• Emergency if sudden painless loss of vision –refer immediately 💥Complications• Permanent visualloss• Reducedindependence• Impact on driving,reading, working• Emotional impact –anxiety, depression• Risk of systemiccomplications if cause is untreated (e.g. stroke, vasculitis) 📎More MSRA Resourcesfor Visual Disturbance:📝 Revision Notes:https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/visual-disturbance-revision-notes/🧠 Flashcards:https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/visual-disturbance-flashcards/📖 Accordion Q&A Notes:https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/visual-disturbance-accordion-qa-notes/🎯 Rapid Quiz:https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/visual-disturbance-rapid-quiz/🧪 Visual Disturbance Quiz:https://www.passthemsra.com/quizzes/visual-disturbance_/🌐https://www.passthemsra.com🎁https://www.freemsra.com#MSRA #MSRARevision#VisualDisturbance #BlurredVision #MSRAOphthalmology #MSRANeurology#MSRAFlashcards #MSRAQuiz #MSRATextbook #PassTheMSRA #FreeMSRA

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