In Episode 44 of Ancient Code, Modern Mind, host Harsh Rain explores the vibrant intellectual landscape of Indian astronomy following Aryabhata’s Aryabhatiya. Focusing on the dynamic process of critique and refinement, the episode highlights the crucial role of commentators like Bhaskara I, whose bhāṣya unpacked Aryabhata’s terse verses, explaining geometry and defending ideas like Earth rotation (Golapāda 9). Major controversies included Aryabhata’s axial rotation, rejected by Brahmagupta (Brāhma-pakṣa), differing astronomical parameters, and equal yuga divisions, sparking debates with traditionalists. These discussions led to distinct schools: the Ārya-pakṣa (Aryabhata’s lineage) and Brāhma-pakṣa, fostering rigorous mathematical justification and observational refinement. The episode revisits the Kerala School’s advancements (Ep 37), with Nīlakaṇṭha’s geo-heliocentric model and Mādhava’s infinite series, as a continuation of Aryabhata’s legacy. This episode showcases a mature scientific tradition driven by debate, commentary, and innovation, ensuring the Aryabhatiya’s enduring influence.

Key Words:
Aryabhata, Aryabhatiya, Golapāda, Bhaskara I, bhāṣya, Brahmagupta, Earth rotation, Ārya-pakṣa, Brāhma-pakṣa, yuga divisions, Kerala School, Nīlakaṇṭha, Mādhava, debate, commentary, Indian astronomy, scientific tradition.

Disclosures:

• This podcast is produced for educational and entertainment purposes and reflects interpretations of historical texts. Listeners are encouraged to consult primary sources and scholarly works for further study.

• Pronunciations of Sanskrit terms are approximations for accessibility and may vary across regional traditions.

• This podcast may utilize artificial intelligence for voice generation and content creation to enhance production quality and accessibility.