Plastic pollution is one of the defining environmental challenges of our time—microplastics are now found in our oceans, our soil, our drinking water, and even in our bloodstreams. But what if we could make high-performance materials that look, feel, and function like plastic—without being plastic at all?

Enter Xampla.

Born out of the University of Cambridge, Xampla is a materials science innovation company that’s developed a new class of plastic-free, fully biodegradable materials that offer a drop-in replacement for the most polluting types of plastic. Their flagship line, known as Morro™, is made from natural plant proteins like those found in peas, potatoes, sunflowers and many other sources. It's already launched in the market with global brands for food service packaging, and it’s able to eliminate the most polluting plastics in a whole range of products from barrier coatings for paper, microcapsules in personal and homecare products, and soluble films for homecare and edible applications.

In this episode, I’m joined by Xampla’s CEO, Alexandra French—a veteran of the chemical and materials industries with more than 25 years of global leadership experience. Since taking the reins in 2023, Alexandra has been leading Xampla through its next chapter: moving from a world-changing lab discovery to a commercially scalable solution.

We’ll talk about how Xampla’s technology works, the environmental promise it holds, and how Alexandra is navigating the complex journey of building a startup at the intersection of science, manufacturing, and sustainability. We’ll also explore the company’s recent commercialization and the licensing business model it’s pursuing.

What if we could grow nutritious, sustainable protein—not in months or weeks—but in just one day?

This episode’s guest is doing just that. Rather than going big with animal agriculture, MicroHarvest is going small with microbial agriculture.

A huge number of animals are used to feed both our pets and the animals we raise for food. Kate Bekers, the CEO and co-founder of MicroHarvest, is seeking to change that. She’s running a fast-rising European biotech startup using fermentation to produce high-quality protein from microbes—in just 24 hours. Based in Hamburg and Lisbon, MicroHarvest is on a mission to reshape how the world thinks about protein production. Rather than growing plants or animals, they grow single-cell microbes in bioreactors, yielding a high-protein, micronutrient-rich ingredient that can be used in everything from animal feed and pet food to, eventually, human food.

With 10 million euros raised and hopefully a new 30 million euro round on the horizon, their process is fast, efficient, and radically resource-light—requiring far less land, water, and energy than traditional agriculture. Already able to produce one ton of their product per day, MicroHarvest is proving that microbial protein isn’t just a lab experiment—it’s a scalable, real-world solution.

In this episode, Kate shares what it takes to bring biotech innovation to market, and why she believes protein production should be faster, cleaner, and closer to the consumer. We talk about the company’s entry into pet food and aquaculture, and what the future holds for sustainable protein made from the tiniest organisms on Earth.

If you’re curious about the future of food, circular economies, or how to build a business that’s good for animals and the planet, this conversation is for you.

In this episode, I’m joined by one of America’s most thoughtful national journalists: Mike Grunwald. You may know him from his work at Time, Politico, or The Washington Post, or from his critically acclaimed books about the Obama administration and the history of the Everglades. He’s also now a contributing columnist at the New York Times. But for the purpose of this episode, Mike is here to discuss his third book, We Are Eating the Earth: The Race to Fix Our Food System and Save Our Climate.

In this sweeping and deeply reported work, Mike tackles one of the most uncomfortable truths of our time: our global food system, especially animal farming, is a leading driver of climate change, deforestation, wildlife extinction, and more. But rather than simply doomscroll through the apocalypse, We Are Eating the Earth offers a clear-eyed, often witty, and ultimately hopeful exploration of how we might transform our food system to produce more food while using fewer resources.

In our conversation, we discuss some of the biggest food and climate myths—like whether organic or so-called “regenerative” agriculture is necessarily better for the planet—as well as Mike’s views on what will actually work to slash humanity’s footprint on the planet. (Spoiler: eat less meat, waste less food, and use fewer biofuels are among his biggest points.)

Mike also clarifies his views on animal welfare, including the welfare of chickens and pigs, and his (lack of) concern about falling fertility rates. It’s a wide-ranging conversation that’s got something for everyone interested in a future with fewer hungry people and more land rewilded.

What if we could turn the mountains of food waste we generate every day into high-value chemicals that replace fossil fuels and palm oil—two of the most environmentally destructive inputs in our economy? That’s exactly what this episode’s guest is doing.

Marc den Hartog is the CEO of ChainCraft, a Dutch biotechnology company using fermentation to convert agricultural waste into medium-chain fatty acids—essential building blocks for everything from fats for foods to lubricants to bioplastics and fragrances. Founded as a spin-off from Wageningen University, ChainCraft is pioneering open-culture fermentation process that offers a scalable, circular alternative to petroleum-based chemicals. And they’re not just operating at the lab bench—in addition to having raised 40 million euros in investment so far, the company already has a pilot facility in Amsterdam producing 2,000 tons of fatty acids per year, with plans for a full-scale industrial plant underway.

Marc joined ChainCraft after a distinguished career in the chemical industry, including senior roles at Corbion and other global players. Now, he’s applying that experience to scale a cleantech company aiming to rewire one of the dirtiest parts of our supply chains—chemical production—into a model of sustainability.

In this conversation, Marc and I talk about how ChainCraft’s technology works, why food waste is a goldmine of untapped value and what it will take for his team to go from demo plant to commercial scale.

If you care about the future of sustainable industry, the circular economy, or just finding smarter ways to deal with the waste we already produce, you’re going to love this episode.

This episode’s guest is someone who’s spent her career studying—and championing—entrepreneurs who don’t always fit the Silicon Valley mold.

Dr. Lori Rosenkopf is the Vice Dean of Entrepreneurship at the Wharton School and the author of the new book Unstoppable Entrepreneurs: 7 Paths for Unleashing Successful Startups and Creating Value through Innovation. In this short guide, Lori explores how success doesn’t have to mean dropping out of college to start a venture-backed unicorn in your garage. Instead, she highlights seven distinct paths that entrepreneurs can take to build impactful ventures, whether they’re bootstrapped, mission-driven, or even working within larger companies.

Drawing on her years of research and mentoring at one of the world’s top business schools, Lori introduces what she calls the “Six Rs” of entrepreneurial mindset—Reason, Relationships, Resilience, Resources, Results, and Recombination—as core principles that help explain why some founders succeed where others falter.

In this conversation, we talk about the entrepreneurs Lori profiled in her book—from disruptors and acquirers to accidental founders—and what their stories can teach us about resilience and innovation.

If you’ve ever thought “I’m not the typical entrepreneur,” perhaps Lori will convince you that maybe there’s no such thing.

Discussed in this episode

• Lori discusses the work of Spirovant Sciences and its CEO Dr. Joan Lau.

• Paul recommends reading Shoe Dog and Super Founders.

• Wharton offers curriculum in Entrepreneurship & Innovation for both undergraduates and MBAs.

• The Venture Lab is Penn’s home for student entrepreneurs.

• Some entrepreneurs rely on SBA loans rather than equity investments.

• The Hult Competition is a global competition that challenges university students to develop innovative social enterprises that address pressing global issues.

Get to know Lori Rosenkopf

Lori Rosenkopf is the Simon and Midge Palley Professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. As Vice Dean for Entrepreneurship, she serves as Wharton’s faculty director for Venture Lab, Penn’s home for student entrepreneurs, and also their San Francisco campus. In a prior role as Vice Dean of Wharton’s Undergraduate Division, she introduced a new curriculum and developed experiential classwork in the tech sector. For over thirty years, Rosenkopf has taught entrepreneurship and management of technology to more than 20,000 high schoolers, undergraduates, MBAs, and executives, connecting these learners to many of the most entrepreneurial alumni at Wharton and Penn through treks, panels, and classes.

Rosenkopf received her PhD in Management of Organizations from Columbia University, her MS in Operations Research from Stanford University, and her BS in Operations Research and Industrial Engineering from Cornell University. She worked as a systems engineer at AT&T Bell Laboratories and Eastman Kodak between her degrees. Rosenkopf lives in Philadelphia with her partner, Allan, and their dog, Winston.

You’ve heard of carbon capture machines, but what if one of the most powerful tools for removing CO₂ from the atmosphere isn’t high-tech at all—just crushed rock and rain?

Meet Ana Pavlovic, CEO of Eion and the self-described “Crazy Rock Lady.” Her company is pioneering a process called enhanced rock weathering, which uses the natural properties of a green volcanic mineral called olivine to pull carbon dioxide out of the air and lock it away—permanently.

The best part? They do it on farmland, replacing conventional agricultural lime with olivine. The result is a two-for-one win: healthier soil for farmers and long-term carbon removal for the planet. It’s nature’s chemistry, accelerated—and rigorously measured using Eion’s core technology, what they call a “soil fingerprinting” measurement technique.

In this episode, Ana explains how Eion is turning geology into climate cash, why they’re focusing on agriculture instead of oceans, and how they secured a $33 million carbon removal deal from Frontier, the coalition backed by Stripe, Shopify, and Meta. We also talk about farmer adoption, measurement challenges, and why Ana believes carbon removal can be both scientifically credible and scalable.

So if you’re interested in the wild new world of carbon markets, the surprising magic of crushed rocks, and what it takes to scale a climate startup from idea to impact, you’ll dig this conversation.

Let’s rock.

Discussed in this episode

• The 2020 Beerling paper: “Potential for large-scale CO2 removal via enhanced rock weathering with croplands”

• Eion’s $33 million deal with Frontier and its deal with Perdue.

• Eion’s patent application for a soil fingerprinting verification technique

• Our 2022 episode on enhanced rock weathering with Kelly Erhart from Vesta.

• Ana recommends reading Ministry for the Future.

More about Anastasia Pavlovic

Anastasia Pavlovic brings deep expertise in global operations and software with a passion for driving global change through local impact. Before joining Eion, Pavlovic led operations, commercialization, and growth for the Agoro Carbon Alliance, which works with farmers to sequester carbon in soil. Prior to the Alliance, Pavlovic commercialized software solutions in the US and Canada for Yara's Digital Farming organization. She has worked for venture-backed software companies scaling agtech and security products around the world. From West Virginia, Pavlovic holds dual B.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering and Systems Engineering.

In the restaurant world, infant mortality is the norm. Nearly two-thirds of new eateries shut down in their first year. Only one in five lives to see its fifth birthday. So when a restaurant—not just any restaurant, but a plant-based fine-dining spot—thrives for decades, it’s not just impressive. It’s almost mythic.

Enter Rich Landau and Kate Jacoby, the married duo behind Vedge, the acclaimed Philadelphia restaurant that’s helped redefine what plant-based food can be. With nods from Bon Appétit, GQ, Food & Wine, and the James Beard Foundation, Rich and Kate have built more than a restaurant—they’ve built a movement. One that proves vegetables don’t need to play second fiddle—they can own the stage.

Now, I don’t know how these two do it. My wife and I love each other, but even the suggestion of collaborating on a work project sends us both reaching for diplomatic escape routes. Yet somehow, Rich and Kate not only run a business together—they do it with passion, purpose, and of course, with pastry.

Rich got his start in the ’90s with Horizons, a bold bet on vegetable-forward cuisine back when people didn’t even know how to pronounce “vegan,” let alone what it meant. Kate joined with a background in hospitality, bringing a refined palate and a pastry chef’s touch.

But this episode isn’t just about food. It’s about values. About running toward the hard stuff. About how two people built something meaningful—together—and stuck with it through all the chaos the restaurant industry throws your way.

If you're a foodie, an entrepreneur, or just a fan of staying married while doing the impossible—this one’s for you.

Nick Cooney is one of the most prolific investors in food and ag tech. As the founder of Lever VC, he’s helped deploy nearly $80 million from his first fund and has now closed more than $50 million toward his second $100 million fund. He’s backed companies across the spectrum of sustainable protein—plant-based meat, cultivated meat, fermentation-derived proteins (including, in full disclosure, my own company, The Better Meat Co.), and more.

But despite his deep roots in venture capital, Nick’s latest project is about something very different: giving money away with no expectation of any financial return.

In his new book, What We Don’t Do: Inaction in the Face of Suffering and the Drive to Do More, from Simon & Schuster and Regalo Press, Nick challenges the reader with a bold moral argument: it’s not enough to simply avoid doing harm—we have a responsibility to proactively reduce suffering where we can, including suffering we didn’t cause. That includes using our time, our talents, and yes, our money, to help others—especially those we’ll never meet.

So how much should we be giving? While philosopher Peter Singer proposes 10% of your income as a moral benchmark, and Jesus went even further, telling his followers to sell everything and give to the poor, Nick stakes out a middle ground somewhere between Singer and Jesus of Nazareth: give until you feel it. Not until it hurts, necessarily—but enough that it makes a noticeable impact on your life. Because that impact could be life-changing—or even life-saving—for someone else.

In this episode, Nick and I dive into the ideas behind What We Don’t Do, and why our inactions—what we don’t do—may be among the biggest sources of preventable suffering in the world. We explore the psychology behind why it feels easier to forgive inaction than harmful action, and how we can train ourselves to think differently.

We also discuss the current state of the alt-protein industry, Nick's analysis of why venture capital has cooled off on the space in recent years, and what it’ll take to bring investors back to the table.

It’s a rich and rewarding conversation with one of the most influential thinkers in the future of food. I found What We Don’t Do to be both thought-provoking and motivating, and I think you’ll feel the same. Whether you're a founder, a funder, or just someone who wants to do a little—or a lot—more good in the world, this episode is for you.