
8 功利主義之爭辯
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About this listen
這篇文本探討了功利主義,一個倫理學理論,其核心理念是最大化幸福。文章首先闡述了經典功利主義的三個主要主張:行動的道德性僅取決於後果;唯一重要的後果是個人幸福;以及每個人的幸福都應得到平等考量。接著,文本詳細討論了對功利主義的主要反對意見,包括幸福是否是唯一重要之事、後果是否是唯一重要之事(涉及到正義、權利和回顧性理由),以及功利主義是否對個人提出了過高要求並擾亂人際關系。最後,文章提出了功利主義的三種辯護:質疑批評者設想的後果、提出規則功利主義(而非行為功利主義),以及反駁“常識”在特殊情況下的可靠性,強調所有價值觀都有功利主義基礎。
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In the spirit of reconciliation, Audible acknowledges the Traditional Custodians of country throughout Australia and their connections to land, sea and community. We pay our respect to their elders past and present and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples today.