How did a group of desert tribes, divided for centuries, manage to build one of the largest empires in history in just a few decades? What were the origins of Islam? And what made the Arab conquests so transformative? In episode 21, I give an overview of the first century of Islamic history, leading up to the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula.

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TIMESTAMPS:

00:00 Hook
00:30 The Beginning of the Middle Ages
04:19 Pre-Islamic Arabia
11:01 Muhammad, the Last Prophet
13:53 What is Islam?
18:12 The Hijrah and the Constitution of Medina
21:32 Toward the Unification of the Arabs
25:03 The Rashidun Caliphate and the Great Arab Conquests
34:16 The First Fitna in Islam
37:45 The Establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus
42:33 The Arab Conquest of the Maghreb
46:01 The Verdict: Barbarian Conquerors vs. Arabs
47:48 Outro