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The Rise and Rule of the Ba'ath

The Rise and Rule of the Ba'ath

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Following the 1958 revolution, Iraq descended into political chaos marked by competing ideologies and military coups. The Ba'ath Party, promising Arab unity and socialist transformation, seized power in 1963 but was quickly overthrown. Learning from failure, they rebuilt systematically and returned in 1968 under Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr. His deputy, Saddam Hussein, gradually consolidated control through ruthless elimination of rivals and expansion of security apparatus. By 1979, Saddam had become absolute dictator, launching the devastating Iran-Iraq War that militarized society and completed his transformation from revolutionary to tyrant. What began as promises of Arab renaissance became systematic oppression that would dominate Iraqi life for decades.
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