Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at scales between 1 and 100 nanometers. At this size, materials exhibit unique properties that differ from their bulk counterparts. The field emerged from Richard Feynman’s 1959 lecture, which proposed the possibility of controlling individual atoms. Since then, advancements in imaging and fabrication have turned this vision into reality. The interdisciplinary nature of nanotechnology combines physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science to create innovations with broad applications.This episode defines nanotechnology and explains its significance across industries. The discussion begins with a comparison of nano, micro, and macro scales to illustrate the dimensions involved. Key principles such as quantum effects and the increased surface area-to-volume ratio are introduced. These properties enable applications in medicine, electronics, and energy. The episode also outlines the historical progression from theoretical concepts to practical implementations. Real-world examples demonstrate how nanotechnology is already impacting drug delivery, computing, and environmental remediation. The goal is to provide a foundational understanding of why nanoscale manipulation is transformative.