Showing results by author ""Jack London"" in All Categories
-
-
Autobiografia alcoolica
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Alessandro Balducci
- Length: 7 hrs and 14 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
Jack London scrive questa "Autobiografia alcoolica" nei primi mesi del 1912, qualche anno prima della sua controversa e prematura morte, ancora avvolta nel mistero: un'overdose "volontaria" di antidolorifici, un'intossicazione o un definitivo attacco di sifilide? È comunque il momento di una pesante ricaduta nel vizio del bere. Subito dopo un tormentato viaggio a New York, lo scrittore, completamente sbronzo, decide di rasarsi a zero i capelli.
-
Autobiografia alcoolica
- Narrated by: Alessandro Balducci
- Length: 7 hrs and 14 mins
- Release date: 07-10-2019
- Language: Italian
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$14.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Martin Eden
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Claudio Carini
- Length: 15 hrs and 56 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
Pubblicato nel 1909, "Martin Eden", grande classico della letteratura americana, è considerato il miglior romanzo di Jack London (San Francisco, 1876 - Glen Ellen, 1916). La trama, fortemente autobiografica, si sviluppa intorno alla figura del giovane Martin, un marinaio di Oackland che, per un caso fortuito, si trova a salvare da una rissa il fratello di Ruth Morse, una ragazza dell'alta borghesia di San Francisco che per Martin diventerà un'autentica ossessione amorosa.
-
Martin Eden
- Narrated by: Claudio Carini
- Length: 15 hrs and 56 mins
- Release date: 15-06-2020
- Language: Italian
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$15.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Wolfsblut
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Fred C. Siebeck
- Length: 4 hrs and 43 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
Ein Abenteuerroman aus dem 19. Jahrhundert über die Domestizierung eines wilden Tieres: Wolfsblut ist kein reinrassiger Wolf und stellt sich als besonders guter Schlittenhund heraus. Doch dann wird er verkauft, und sein neuer Besitzer setzt ihn in brutalen Hundekämpfen ein. Als Wolfsblut bei einem Kampf schwer verletzt wird, rettet der Kalifornier Weeden Scott ihn schließlich, pflegt ihn und nimmt ihn mit nach Kalifornien, wo der Wolfshund eine erstaunliche Wandlung durchläuft.
-
Wolfsblut
- Narrated by: Fred C. Siebeck
- Length: 4 hrs and 43 mins
- Release date: 12-11-2020
- Language: German
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$9.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Eine Odysee des Nordens
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Jörg Adae
- Length: 1 hr and 14 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
Ein Hörbuch, der im hohen Norden der USA im 19. Jahrhundert zur Zeit des Goldrausches spielt: Naass, ein indigener Stammesführer der Aleuten in Alaska will die junge Unga heiraten, doch in der Nacht vor der Hochzeit wird sie von dem Weißen Axel Gunderson entführt. Aber Naass gibt so schnell nicht auf und sucht über Jahre nach seiner gestohlenen Braut... Eine Geschichte, die weit mehr als nur ein Abenteuerroman ist.
-
Eine Odysee des Nordens
- Narrated by: Jörg Adae
- Length: 1 hr and 14 mins
- Release date: 21-12-2020
- Language: German
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$9.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Silencio blanco
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Pablo López
- Length: 25 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
Carmen no durará más de un par de días. Mason escupió un trozo de hielo y observó compasivamente al pobre animal. Luego se llevó una de sus patas a la boca y comenzó a arrancar a bocados el hielo que cruelmente se apiñaba entre los dedos del animal. Nunca vi un perro de nombre presuntuoso que valiera algo D81 concluyendo su tarea y apartando a un lado al animal-. Se extinguen y mueren bajo el peso de la responsabilidad. ¿Viste alguna vez a uno que acabase mal llamándose Cassiar, Siwash o Husky? ¡No, señor!
-
Silencio blanco
- Narrated by: Pablo López
- Length: 25 mins
- Release date: 27-08-2020
- Language: Spanish
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$1.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Diente de ballena
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Jose Luis Espina
- Length: 22 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
"Fue durante los primeros días en Fiji, cuando John Starhurst se levantó en la casa de la misión en Rewa Village y anunció su intención de llevar el evangelio por todo Viti Levu. Ahora Viti Levu significa la "Gran Tierra", ya que es la isla más grande de un grupo compuesto por muchas islas grandes, por no hablar de cientos de pequeñas. Aquí y allá, en las costas, donde vivía la mayor parte de la gente en precariedad, había unos cuantos misioneros, comerciantes, pescadores y desertores de balleneros."
-
Diente de ballena
- Narrated by: Jose Luis Espina
- Length: 22 mins
- Release date: 26-08-2020
- Language: Spanish
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$1.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
El pagano
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Jose Luis Espina
- Length: 56 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
La temporada perlera de Tuamotú había terminado y todos los que habían trabajado en ella regresaban a Tahití. Los seis pasajeros que disponíamos de camarote éramos compradores de perlas. Había entre nosotros dos americanos, un chino (el más blanco que he visto en mi vida) que se llamaba Ah Choon, un alemán y un judío polaco. Yo completaba la media docena.La temporada fue tan próspera, que ni nosotros ni los ochenta y cinco pasajeros de cubierta teníamos motivos para quejarnos. Las cosas nos habían ido bien y todos estábamos deseando llegar a Papeete para descansar y divertirnos.
-
El pagano
- Narrated by: Jose Luis Espina
- Length: 56 mins
- Release date: 26-08-2020
- Language: Spanish
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$4.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Il richiamo della foresta
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Ginzo Robiginz
- Length: 4 hrs and 28 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
Quando viene sottratto alla sua tranquilla vita californiana e venduto a un trafficante a di cani da slitta, le giornate soleggiate di Buck si trasformano in una tempesta di neve. Niente sarà più come prima. Ora deve imparare a stare al sicuro in un mondo pieno di pericoli nascosti, che lo minacciano a ogni passo che fa. Ora la sua vita ruota attorno alla corsa all'oro del Klondike nell'Alaska glaciale, dove il freddo, la neve e torrenti impetuosi segnano la frontiera tra la vita e la morte. L'unica legge è quella della sopravvivenza a ogni costo.
-
Il richiamo della foresta
- Narrated by: Ginzo Robiginz
- Length: 4 hrs and 28 mins
- Release date: 15-08-2020
- Language: Italian
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$7.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Susikoira
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Ville-Veikko Niemelä
- Length: 9 hrs and 8 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
Kun kultakuume riehuu 1890-luvulla Yukonin armottomassa erämaassa Kanadassa, Valkohammas-niminen susikoira alkaa kesyyntyä. Teos on kirjoitettu pääosin susikoiran näkökulmasta, ja siinä käsitellään sekä ihmisen että eläimen väkivaltaista ja armotonta maailmaa. Elämä on loputonta, ankaraa selviytymistaistelua, jossa joko tapetaan tai tullaan tapetuksi. "Susikoira" on kuin peili - käänteinen tarina kirjailija Jack Londonin tunnetuimmasta romaanista "Erämaan kutsu". Ensimmäisen kerran "Susikoira" filmatisoitiin vuonna 1925 ja viimeisimpänä sitä versioi Netflix vuonna 2018.
-
Susikoira
- Narrated by: Ville-Veikko Niemelä
- Length: 9 hrs and 8 mins
- Release date: 20-08-2019
- Language: Finnish
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$9.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
La gente del abismo
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Juanma Martínez
- Length: 6 hrs and 51 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
En 1902, Jack London llegó a Londres con la intención de escribir un reportaje sobre el East End, la zona este de la ciudad, donde se hizo pasar por un vagabundo, con el fin de poder penetrar en el Abismo, tal como él lo llamaba. Su curiosidad le llevó a visitar los slums, los llamados barrios pobres de la ciudad, en donde se hacinaban cientos de personas en condiciones infrahumanas, mientras que las clases acomodadas se beneficiaban de la política colonial que el Imperio llevaba a cabo en sus colonias.
-
La gente del abismo
- Narrated by: Juanma Martínez
- Length: 6 hrs and 51 mins
- Release date: 10-03-2020
- Language: Spanish
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$11.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
El ídolo rojo
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Fernando Caride
- Length: 6 hrs and 9 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
Cuenta la aventura de un explorador en busca del origen de un extraño sonido, que se queda solo en la selva de la imaginaria isla de Burunaga, que parece estar en el Índico, acosado por las enfermedades, los mosquitos, los reductores de cabezas y una indígena que le persigue. Estando así, descubrirá algo misterioso e inesperado, que sorprenderá también al lector. Uno de los novelistas Americanos más conocidos, Jack London era también un periodista y activista social. Sus trabajos son relatos que romantizan las fuerzas de la naturaleza y la lucha de sus personajes por sobrevivir.
-
El ídolo rojo
- Narrated by: Fernando Caride
- Length: 6 hrs and 9 mins
- Release date: 10-03-2020
- Language: Spanish
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$11.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
El hijo del lobo
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Bea Rebollo
- Length: 3 hrs and 45 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
El 25 de julio de 1897, Jack London , un joven de veintiú años de origen humilde que se ganaba la vida con la pesca clandestina de ostras en la bahía de San Francisco, decidió probrar suerte y se embarcó en el vapor Umatilla rumbo al valle del Klondike, en la lejana Alaska, seducido por las noticias que traían algunos aventureros sobre la aparición de vetas de oro en tan inhóspito lugar.
-
El hijo del lobo
- Narrated by: Bea Rebollo
- Length: 3 hrs and 45 mins
- Release date: 02-09-2020
- Language: Spanish
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$9.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Der Mexikaner
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Volker Braumann
- Length: 1 hr and 35 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
In diesem Hörbuch finden Sie neben der neu eingesprochenen Erzählung Der Mexikaner zudem einen Audio-Essay über die Hintergründe zur Entstehung der Geschichte. Lesen Sie im Folgenden den Anfang des Essays: Der Mexikaner ist die letzte von vier Geschichten, die Jack London dezidiert im Metier des Boxsports ansiedelt. Zuvor hatte er, in zeitlich recht loser Folge den Kurzroman The Game, die Erzählung A piece of Steak und die Geschichte Abysmal Brute verfasst.
-
Der Mexikaner
- Narrated by: Volker Braumann
- Length: 1 hr and 35 mins
- Release date: 01-12-2020
- Language: German
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$5.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Der Ruf der Wildnis
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Matthias Ernst Holzmann
- Length: 1 hr and 14 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
Buck hört ihn selten in sich. Ganz leise. Ganz versteckt. Es ist eher ein Wispern, das ab und zu in ihm aufsteigt, wenn er mit seinem Herrn durch die kalifornischen Wälder streift. Und dann, wenn er wieder nach Hause zurückkommt, verhallt der Ruf in ihm und alles ist wieder in bester Ordnung. Das alles ändert sich, als Buck entführt und nach Alaska verschleppt wird. Plötzlich auf sich allein gestellt, allen Freunden und Bekannten beraubt, muss er dem Ruf folgen. Tut er es nicht, droht ihm der Untergang. So wird das Wispern ein Flüstern und das Flüstern ein Ruf: Der Ruf der Wildnis!
-
Der Ruf der Wildnis
- Narrated by: Matthias Ernst Holzmann
- Length: 1 hr and 14 mins
- Release date: 09-04-2019
- Language: German
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$9.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Wolfsblut
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Matthias Ernst Holzmann
- Length: 1 hr and 10 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
Wolfsblut kennt nichts anderes, als die harte Hand der Menschen. Menschen haben ihn gezüchtigt, haben ihn geschlagen und getreten. Sie haben ihn hungern lassen und zu einer blutrünstigen Bestie gemacht. Wolfsblut war sich sicher - so würde er sterben. Dann aber begegnet er Weedon Scott und lernt, nach und nach und in kleinen Schritten, was es heißt, ein Freund der Menschen und dem Menschen ein Freund zu sein.
-
Wolfsblut
- Narrated by: Matthias Ernst Holzmann
- Length: 1 hr and 10 mins
- Release date: 09-04-2019
- Language: German
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$9.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Wolfsblut
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Christian Miedreich
- Length: 6 hrs and 46 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
Wolfsblut ist einer der erfolgreichsten Romane des Autors Jack London und erzählt die Geschichte eines Halbwolfes in der kanadischen Wildnis am Yukon, zur Zeit des Goldrausches um 1898. Als einziger Welpe aus einem Wurf seiner Mutter Kische überlebt er eine schlimme Hungersnot und tritt seine Reise ins Leben an. Er landet bei einem Indianerstamm, wo er als Schlittenhund des Häuptlings gehalten wird, aber ein Außenseiter unter den Hunden bleibt.
-
Wolfsblut
- Narrated by: Christian Miedreich
- Length: 6 hrs and 46 mins
- Release date: 04-08-2020
- Language: German
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$20.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Der Ruf der Wildnis / Wolfsblut / Wie man ein Feuer macht
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Jürgen Fritsche
- Length: 12 hrs and 13 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
Das rauhe Leben im hohen Norden war Jack Londons Spezialität. Die Hörbuch Box versammelt drei Abenteuergeschichten: Der Ruf der Wildnis, Wolfsblut sowie Wie man ein Feuer macht.
-
Der Ruf der Wildnis / Wolfsblut / Wie man ein Feuer macht
- Narrated by: Jürgen Fritsche
- Length: 12 hrs and 13 mins
- Release date: 13-12-2019
- Language: German
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$26.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Der Ruf der Wildnis. Die Geschichte eines Hundes
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Jürgen Fritsche
- Length: 3 hrs and 11 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
Der Hund Buck ist halb Schäferhund, halb Bernhardiner. Er lebt herrschaftlich auf einer Farm in Kalifornien - bis er eines Tages entführt wird. Sein Weg führt ihn in den hohen Norden, wo er zum ersten Mal den Ruf seiner Herkunft spürt - und dass da noch etwas anderes ist, als ein Hund zu sein... Der Ruf der Wildnis ist die packende Geschichte eines Hundes, der im hohen Norden das Leben des Wolfs kennenlernt.
-
Der Ruf der Wildnis. Die Geschichte eines Hundes
- Narrated by: Jürgen Fritsche
- Length: 3 hrs and 11 mins
- Release date: 24-05-2019
- Language: German
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$13.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
Wolfsblut
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Jürgen Fritsche
- Length: 8 hrs and 17 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
"Wolfsblut" - ein Klassiker der Jugend- und Abenteuerliteratur. Der junge Wolf lernt das Leben in der Wildnis kennen, doch seine Mutter ist nur zur Hälfte Wolf. Und es gibt auch in Wolfsblut Instinkte, die ihn die Gesellschaft des Menschen suchen lassen... Packender Roman über Kälte, Natur, das Leben in der Wildnis - und die Freundschaft von Mensch und Tier.
-
Wolfsblut
- Narrated by: Jürgen Fritsche
- Length: 8 hrs and 17 mins
- Release date: 08-03-2019
- Language: German
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$19.99 or free with 30-day trial
-
-
-
L'appel de la forêt
- By: Jack London
- Narrated by: Pauline Paolini
- Length: 2 hrs and 55 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Performance0 out of 5 stars 0
-
Story0 out of 5 stars 0
"L'Appel de la forêt" ("The Call of the Wild") est un roman de Jack London. Buck est un chien de Californie qui appartient au juge Miller. Il est un jour enlevé à son maître par l'aide-jardinier du juge et vendu à un trafiquant de chiens de traîneau. Bientôt confronté à la brutalité de sa nouvelle vie, Buck doit trouver la force de survivre et s'adapter au froid de l'Alaska et du Yukon devant s'imposer aux autres chiens de la meute, il apprend à voler de la viande ainsi qu'à se battre pour survivre.
-
L'appel de la forêt
- Narrated by: Pauline Paolini
- Length: 2 hrs and 55 mins
- Release date: 11-08-2020
- Language: French
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
$6.99 or free with 30-day trial
-