Europe Communism

Focusing mostly on Italy and Germany but also considering Spain, Romania, Japan, and movements in other countries, Payne describes fascism as revolutionary ultranationalism based on national rebirth, extreme elitism, mass mobilization, and the promotion of violence and military virtues. He also suggests that the early Russian communists borrowed many techniques from fascism, and that though we are fairly well-inoculated against fascism itself, the values it represents could still emerge in new forms.

The legacies of Marx and Lenin continue to have a profound impact on socialist and communist thought.

In 1871, the Franco-Prussian War was raging. The workers of Paris, fed up with a government that had begun the hated war, and the exploitation, repression, and abuse of "their" government, took matters into their own hands. They instituted the Paris Commune - of, by, and for the workers. Observing these events through news reports of the time, one of the foremost thinkers of the 19th century, Karl Marx, made three speeches to the International Workmen's Association.

¿Por qué se creían los bolcheviques con derecho a imponer a todos su idea de sociedad y a asesinar a los que la rechazaban y incluso a los que no llegaban a hacerlo? Esta es la gran cuestión del siglo que el mundo lleva a cuestas desde que Lenin tomó el poder: ¿por qué los comunistas se creen legitimados para robar y matar en nombre de una utopía que apenas esconde su afán de poder ilimitado?

The year 1989 brought the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. It was also the year that the economic theories of Reagan, Thatcher, and the Chicago School achieved global dominance. And it was these neoliberal ideas that largely determined the course of the political, economic, and social changes that transformed Europe over the next quarter century. This award-winning book provides the first comprehensive history of post-1989 Europe.

Revolution and Counter-Revolution is a book by Friedrich Engels, with contributions by Karl Marx. The book is an account of the 1848 riots in various German states. Events in Austria and Prussia are discussed, along with the role of the Poles and Czechs and Panslavism.