Ancient Governments

Among the towering figures of early Roman history, few embody the ideal of Roman virtue quite like Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus. To his contemporaries and to later generations, he stood as the living model of the *Vir Bonus *—the Good Man —whose life exemplified selfless civic duty and the principled restraint of power. For over two millennia, his story has inspired Western thought, serving as a timeless parable about leadership, sacrifice, and republican ideals. Cincinnatus lived in the turbulent early days of the Roman Republic (5th century BCE), shortly after the overthrow of the monarchy.

After more than 2,300 years, the Greek philosopher Aristotle still remains one of the most influential thinkers who has ever lived. There was hardly any field of human knowledge in existence during his day in which he did not make a major contribution. Additionally, he probed areas which were never before examined. Indeed, one could make the claim that no individual person has ever known as much about this world as Aristotle. His analyses of zoology and logic paved the way for modern forensic techniques, and for which every scientist down to this day owes him a debt of gratitude.

In order to understand today's democracy, we need to start from its earliest beginnings by understanding the works of the ancient philosophers who laid the foundations of democracy from the early days. Even looking at the democracy around the world today, it's clear that there are degrees to which countries choose to adhere or stray from democratic ideals. Understanding where these ideals developed from and the development of democracy over time is essential to determining what endangers these ideals in the present.

Politics is the second half of a single treatise by Aristotle (384 B.C.E - 322 B.C.E.), Ethics being the first. Both deal with one and the same subject: what Aristotle calls the philosophy of human affairs. He also refers to it as political science and social science. Aristotle collected and studied the constitutions of over 150 city states before writing his Politics.

What is it exactly that made for the greatness of Western Civilization? Why did it have its ups and downs, and where do things seem headed today? Ultimately, this two-volume series is as much a political-moral teaching as it is a presentation of the details of the West's wonderful (and sometimes tragic) historical record.

Ancient civilizations laid the groundwork for many aspects of modern society. There is no doubt, that we are more technologically advanced, but some of the ways, in which the government functioned, in previous generations are seen in many governments around the world, and this book will highlight some of those topics.