Showing results by author "Jean Jacques Rousseau" in All Categories

Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men by the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau was originally written for an essay competition run by the Dijon Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1754. The question was, "What is the origin of inequality among men, and is it authorized by the natural law?" Rousseau's text is divided into four main parts: a dedication, preface, an extended inquiry into the nature of the individual, and another inquiry into the evolution of the human species within society.

Published in 1762, it had a profound impact on the approach to the education and upbringing of a child, through infancy, childhood, adolescence and into adulthood. This was partly fuelled by the format – for Rousseau presents before us the boy Emile, taking him through the various stages of life, and as Emile becomes a young man, introducing a female counterpart, Sophie. This device personalises what would otherwise be a more formal philosophical presentation.

On the Social Contract's appeal and influence has been wide-ranging and continuous. It has been called an encomium to democracy and, at the same time, a blueprint for totalitarianism. Individualists, collectivists, anarchists, and socialists have all taken courage from Rousseau's controversial masterpiece.

Published four years after Rousseau's death, Confessions is a remarkably frank and honest self-portrait, described by Rousseau as "the history of my soul". From his idyllic youth in the Swiss mountains, to his career as a composer in Paris and his abandonment of his children, Rousseau lays bare his entire life with preternatural honesty.

Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. In The Social Contract, Rousseau explores the concept of freedom and the political structures that may enable people to acquire it. He argues that the sovereign power of a state lies not in any one ruler but in the will of the general population. Rousseau argues that the ideal state would be a direct democracy where executive decision making is carried out by citizens who meet in assembly, as they would in the ancient city-state of Athens.

The Reveries of the Solitary Walker was one of the last works written by the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) and was, in fact, not quite complete. It was published four years after his death and came quickly to be regarded as one of his most poetic works. It consists of 10 Walks (only the final ‘Walk’ was unfinished) during which he muses on a variety of topics including thoughts on issues which featured strongly in his notable life as a philosopher and commentator, including education and political philosophy.

Dr. Johnson may have been correct in saying that “Rousseau was a very bad man,” but none can argue that his ideas are among the most influential in all of world history. It was Rousseau, the father of the romantic movement, who was responsible for introducing at least two modern day thoughts that pervade academia. The Confessions is Rousseau’s landmark autobiography. Both brilliant and flawed, it is nonetheless beautifully written and remains one of the most moving human documents in all of literature.

La pensée des Lumières émerge dans la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle avant de se développer dans toute l'Europe, notamment en France, au XVIIIe siècle. Ses penseurs sont engagés contre l'oppression religieuse et politique, et œuvrent pour le progrès contre l'obscurantisme et les superstitions passées ; leur pensée a amené le triomphe de la raison sur la croyance, et s'est montrée déterminante dans les grands événements qui ont marqué l'Histoire moderne.

"Je forme une entreprise qui n'eut jamais d'exemple, et dont l'exécution n'aura point d'imitateur. Je veux montrer à mes semblables un homme dans toute la vérité de la nature ; et cet homme, ce sera moi. (...) Que la trompette du jugement dernier sonne quand elle voudra, je viendrai, ce livre à la main, me présenter devant le souverain juge. Je dirai hautement : Voilà ce que j'ai fait, ce que j'ai pensé, ce que je fus."

Take a tour through nine of the finest minds of all time, with "900 Quotations from Modern Philosophy". With words of wisdom, reflections, and observations on everything from life and love to death and hatred, and everything in between, this is a superb book for those looking for inspiring and self-questioning thoughts to gain a new perspective on our existence. A superb read for fans of modern philosophy and those who simply want something fascinating to dip in and out of.

Le Contrat social de Rousseau, publié en avril 1762, étonne par l'évidence des principes politiques qui le constituent.

"Les Rêvries du promeneur solitaire" de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, promenades un à cinq : "L'habitude de rentrer en moi-même me fit perdre le sentiment et presque le souvenir de mes maux, j'appris ainsi par ma propre expérience que la source du vrai bonheur est en nous, et qu'il ne dépend pas des hommes de rendre vraiment misérable celui qui sait vouoir être heureux."

Rousseau érige dans cet ouvrage un système entier d'éducation, loin des conventions sociales et des dogmes religieux : l'Église jusqu'alors détentrice du monopole en matière d'éducation, condamne l'auteur à la prise de corps ; l'ouvrage est brûlé en place public, fustigé par ses ennemis philosophes... Un ouvrage, toujours d'actualité, loin des caricatures dont on le pare sans même parfois, l'avoir lu...

These are the famous opening words of a treatise that has stirred vigorous debate ever since its first publication in 1762. Rejecting the view that anyone has a natural right to wield authority over others, Rousseau argues instead for a pact, or 'social contract', that should exist between all the citizens of a state and that should be the source of sovereign power.

Rousseau's Discourse sets out to explore the origin of inequality among people, a journey that sees him trace the evolution of humans from the savage man to the foundations of civil society. With verve and passion, the philosopher argues that the birth of private property was the "beginning of evil". Throughout the book we are led to consider the development of language, reason, self-preservation, benevolence, pity, and law - all through the lens of perhaps the most original thinker of the 18th century.

Immerse yourself in the world of young Jean-Jacques Rousseau who is swayed more by the slightest pleasures at his fingertips than all the delights of paradise. His emotional vulnerability leads him on a series of adventurous escapades with drifters and outcasts, always culminating in a reunion with his mother figure, Madame de Warens. In an unparalleled act of self-disclosure, Rousseau starts Volume 3 with a scandalously indecent act in a dark alleyway. This 1903 edition, failing to understand the comically strange tone of the passage, omits it to shield the reader. (Summary by Martin Geeson)

Immerse yourself in the complex emotions and experiences of the young Jean-Jacques, as he enters adulthood under the guidance of his maman, his primary source of comfort. I loved her too much to desire her, he confesses, hinting at the depths of their bond that surpasses typical relationships. However, his happiness is tainted by an undefined sadness, a sense of guilt as if he has committed incest. Despite their closeness, she doesnt share his remorse, for she never sought pleasure. Join us as we navigate the tangled web of his emotions in these volumes.

Dive deep into the soul of Rousseau as he courageously embarks on a profound journey of self-introspection in Confessions. These first two volumes, as presented in this 1903 edition, dive into his early years, exploring his upbringing and youthful indiscretions. The narrative, reminiscent of Proust’s A la recherche du temps perdu, dwells on the dual nature of man, the vile and the virtuous. Be prepared for Rousseaus raw honesty as he unveils embarrassing and humbling experiences, aiming for an ultimate, soul-baring transparency that may be both unsettling and enlightening. (Summary by ...

Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men was written in response to a competition run by the Academy of Dijon answering the prompt: What is the origin of inequality among men, and whether such inequality is authorized by natural law? Rousseau puts forth the concept of two types of inequity: natural/physical and moral/political. He focuses on moral inequality and its link to power and wealth. He also covers the areas of self-love, compassion for others, and free-agency.

Rousseau’s discourse on inequality is a fierce criticism of modernity. He traces the journey of humanity from its origin and distinguishes two types of inequality: the natural (or physical) and the moral. The natural inequality stems from differences in age, health, or other physical factors while moral inequality is established by the community.