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Within Reason

Within Reason

By: Alex J O'Connor
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For the curious. A philosophy podcast that sometimes flirts with other disciplines, Within Reason has featured guests including Richard Dawkins, Douglas Murray, William Lane Craig, Peter Singer, Konstantin Kisin, and Neil deGrasse Tyson.Alex J O'Connor Philosophy Social Sciences
Episodes
  • #143 Hinduism, Consciousness and Advaita Vedanta - Swami Sarvapriyananda
    Feb 16 2026

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    Swami Sarvapriyananda is a Hindu monk belonging to the Ramakrishna Order. He is the current resident Swami and Minister in Charge, of the Vedanta Society of New York.

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    TIMESTAMPS:

    00:00 – Tour

    00:32 – An Intro to Hinduism and Advaita Vedanta

    14:31 – What Are the Upanishads

    22:08 – Where Do the Vedas (Scripture) Come From?

    29:02 – What Does “Upanishad” Mean?

    34:36 – What Do the Upanishads Teach Us?

    47:07 – What Is Brahman, or Ultimate Existence?

    1:02:52 – What Is the True Nature of Consciousness?

    1:08:15 – Non-Dualism in Advaita Vedanta

    1:18:34 – Why Isn’t There Just One Big Consciousness?

    1:29:06 – What Is the Self?

    1:36:30 – Are Brahman and Atman the Same Thing?

    1:45:25 – What Does ‘God’ Mean in Hinduism?

    1:49:07 – Does Hinduism Believe Other Religions Are Incorrect?

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    1 hr and 55 mins
  • Atheist Slogans You Should Stop Using - Joe Schmid
    Feb 8 2026

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    Joe Schmid is a PhD student in philosophy at Princeton University and creator of the Majesty of Reason YouTube channel. He graduated with a B.A. in philosophy from Purdue University in 2022. He has published articles in metaphysics, philosophy of religion, and philosophy of time, and the author of books including "Existential Inertia and Classical Theistic Proofs".

    Felipe Leon’s 200 arguments for atheism: https://exapologist.blogspot.com/2023/03/200-or-so-arguments-for-atheism.html


    TIMESTAMPS

    00:00 – Tour

    00:32 – Extraordinary Claims Require Extraordinary Evidence

    07:50 – There Is No Evidence for God

    25:27 – Who Created God?

    49:44 – Science Flies You to the Moon, Religion Flies You into Buildings

    01:02:33 – Your Location Determines Your Religion

    01:28:33 – Claims Are Not Evidence

    01:32:50 – You Can’t Prove a Negative

    01:38:35 – What Can Be Asserted Without Evidence Can Be Dismissed Without Evidence

    01:43:51 – Faith Is Belief Without Evidence

    01:54:59 – Religion Makes Good People Do Bad Things

    01:55:32 – Absence of Evidence Is Evidence of Absence

    01:56:31 – Theism Is Unfalsifiable

    02:01:03 – Science Books Would Come Back, Religions Would Not

    02:12:58 – Evolution Disproves God

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    2 hrs and 56 mins
  • #141 Stoicism: Everything You Need to (Actually) Know - John Sellars
    Feb 3 2026

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    - VIDEO NOTES


    John Sellars is a Reader in philosophy at Royal Holloway, University of London, a visiting Research Fellow at King's College London and a Member of Wolfson College, Oxford. His books include Lessons in Stoicism, The Fourfold Remedy, Aristotle and his work has been translated into over a dozen languages.


    TIMESTAMPS

    00:00 – Tour

    00:32 – Did Socrates Found Stoicism?

    08:03 – The Three Eras of Stoicism

    17:50 – Stoic Logic

    26:19 – Empiricism: How the Stoics Got Knowledge

    34:33 – Materialism: Only Physical Things Exist

    43:00 – How Reason Fundamentally Animates the Universe

    48:43 – Did the Stoics Believe in God?

    59:37 – Do the Stoics Contradict Themselves?

    01:08:17 – Stoic Ethics

    01:24:24 – How Did the Stoics Deal With Evil?

    01:36:32 – Can You Choose Your Outcome If Everything Is Determined?

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    1 hr and 42 mins
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