Showing results by author "Kelly Mass" in All Categories

Marie Salomea Skodowska Curie was a Polish-born, naturalized-French researcher and chemist who originated radioactivity research. She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, the first and only woman to win it two times, and the only individual to win the Nobel Prize in two different clinical classifications.

Michael Faraday was born in Newington Butts, Surrey, on September 22, 1791 (which is now part of the London District of Southwark). He grew up in a bad home. His dad, James, was a Christian who came from the Glasite sect.

Alan Mathison Turing was a mathematician, computer system researcher, scholar, cryptanalyst, thinker, and theoretical biologist from the U.K. With the Turing device, which can be considered a design of a general-purpose computer system, Turing had a substantial influence on the development of theoretical computer technology, offering a formalization of the ideas of algorithm and calculation. Turing is considered the creator of theoretical computer technology and AI.

Rail transport, which was created by Stephenson and was a crucial element of the Industrial Revolution, was just one of the most essential innovative developments of the 19th century. The Mobility No. 1 was the first steam engine to transport guests on a public railway, the Stockton and Darlington Train, in 1825. It was built by George and his child Robert's company, Robert Stephenson and Business.

Perhaps you have heard of the horrible stories of the Spanish, Portuguese, or French inquisition, the Catholic body of persecutors who would arrest the supposed “heathens” and accuse them of witchcraft, heresies, blasphemy, adultery, and a whole list of other sins or crimes. Torture, interrogations, executions, burnings, and other inhumane methods were used to then force, coerce, or kill the victims of this Catholic organization within the church at the time.

We all have a typical image of Vikings, from the horns on their helmets to the beards and the clothes they wear. Their ships have a certain charm, and their reputation is that they were brutal, raw, and believed in multiple gods. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore some of the details about the Viking history. What did they do? How did they treat their women? Where did they go to conquer other nations? These are some of the questions we will answer.

When we think of the Renaissance, we often think of paintings. And indeed, many painters and sculptors were part of the artistic transformation the Renaissance caused. But there was more. The Renaissance basically formed a period of collective enlightenment and freedoms that put an end to certain tyrannies and false notions from the Middle Ages. Advocates of a "long Renaissance" might put its start in the 14th century and its end in the 17th century. Let’s take a look at what the extensive time period of the Renaissance provided, and what it leaves us with today.

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages started with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. Population decrease, counter-urbanization, the collapse of central authority, invasions of countries, and mass movements of tribes, which had started in late antiquity, continued into the early Middle Ages. The massive movements of tribes formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. Explore more about this long time in history, a dark time when people faced countless challenges to their survival.

For centuries, raw and primal urges and principles had taken hold of conquerors, officials, and governments. But there was a light at the end of the tunnel. Humanity just needed to acknowledge knowledge. It needed to value the art of studying phenomena and learning, not just spiritual notions and religion. Welcome to the book about how this happened. Welcome to a glimmer of hope in humanity’s realization of what this world is and what lies in the elements yet to be discovered. Get ready for some enlightenment in your own life as you learn about the Age of Enlightenment.

The Crusades are one of those dark chapters in history that we would rather forget, especially religious people. In name of the church, or other religions, like the Muslim faith, people killed, destroyed, looted, and burned cities to the ground. There is nothing “holy” about attacking and plundering, yet this is what they did. In this book, we’ll explore some of the most important crusades everyone should know about. You will learn to understand better why people started them, what drove them to continue, and what ended them.

The Gilded Age was a period in American history that covered the late 19th century, from the 1870s till around 1900. The Gilded Age was a period of great financial development in the United States, specifically in the North and West. The time saw an increase of countless European immigrants, as American incomes were considerably higher than those in Europe, specifically for experienced workers, while industrialization demanded an ever-increasing labor force. The Gilded Age was also a time of severe poverty and inequality.

Here we have it: We may be looking at the years 2020-2021 and think a certain virus has been bad for the world population. However, what happened in these two years is nothing, proportionally, to the hundreds of millions of people who got wiped out by rat infestations spreading insanitary bacteria, resulting in the disease and death of huge parts of the European population in the mid-centuries.

When we think of Ancient Egypt, we picture movies with mazes, pyramids, traps, mummies, and symbols. And although some of these things were definitely part of it, there is so much more to this ancient civilization. Ancient Egypt was a North African society that grew in the lower banks of the Nile River, in what's now the nation of Egypt. Let’s explore some of the most important features of that society today, and try to grasp what transpired in the culture, the thoughts, the problems, and the development of the Egyptian region more than 5,000 years ago.

In the Early Middle Ages, the Anglo-Saxons were a cultural group that resided in England. They traced their roots back to the arrival of incomers to Britain in the fifth century. The contact between a Germanic tribe and native British populations led to the Anglo-Saxon identity. A lot of the native tribes ultimately incorporated and embraced Anglo-Saxon society and language. The Anglo-Saxons established the idea and Kingdom of England, and the modern English language owes practically 26 percent of its vocabulary to them, including the great bulk of words used in daily discussion.

From 1924 to his death in 1953, Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet politician who ruled the Soviet Union. He was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952 and Chairman of the Soviet Union's Council of Ministers from 1941 to 1953. He obtained complete control of the party and the federal government by 1937. War atrocities and crimes against humanity have been committed by Stalin. If you want to know more about that, listen to the audiobook.

Ivan IV Vasilyevich, referred to as Ivan the Terrible in English, was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the very first Moscow ruler to declare himself Tsar of Russia from 1547 to 1584. Ivan's rule was marked by Russia's change from a Middle Ages state to an empire under the control of the tsar, but at a big cost to the people and the nation's long-lasting economy. Let’s talk about his life, his legacy, his evil deeds, and the way things occurred in history.

Stalingrad has changed names. It's now called Volgograd and is still one of the largest cities in Russia. But we can't ignore the fact that for a significant time in history, it was called Stalingrad, named after the tyrant and leader of the Soviet Union in the Second World War, Joseph Stalin. Let's explore the history of this city during the Second World War, and why the battles fought there were so horrendous and pivotal in history. It is just one of the bloodiest engagements in the history of warfare, with an approximated two million general losses.

Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin was a Russian mystic and self-declared holy man who befriended the family of Nicholas II, Russia's last emperor, and achieved massive power in late Imperial Russia. Rasputin was born into a peasant family in the Siberian town of Pokrovskoye. In the year 1897, while on a journey to an abbey, he had a spiritual conversion experience. In the year 1903 or the winter of 1904-1905, he checked out Saint Petersburg, where he drew in certain church and social leaders. In November 1905, he met Emperor Nicholas and Empress Alexandra, and ended up a social figure.

From May 7, 1682 till his death in 1725, Peter the Great or Pyotr Alekséyevich governed the Tsardom of Russia, and ultimately the Russian Empire, collectively ruling before 1696 with his older half-brother, Ivan V. He got ports on the Azov and Baltic Seas, created the structure for the Imperial Russian Navy, ended undisputed Swedish control in the Baltic, and launched the Tsardom's development into a much larger empire. In 1721, he changed the former title of Tsar to the title of Emperor, and he created the city of Saint Petersburg, which stayed Russia's capital till 1917.

St. Petersburg's structures lie over the skeletons of the press-ganged servant workers who worked to build it, giving it the label "the city built on bones". Historians approximate that 100,000 18th-century serfs are buried underneath the city's stunning Italianate estates and large Parisian-style streets. They were drawn from all around the Russian Empire at the time. They dedicated their lives for the magnificence of Imperial Russia, and the city they built, St. Petersburg, stands as a testament to the Russian state's single-mindedness.