Showing results by publisher "Saga Egmont" in Philosophy

Dieses Hörbuch stellt unterschiedliche Herangehensweisen an die Frage "Können Maschinen denken?" vor. Wie kommt es, dass die Begriffe "Maschine" und "Denken" in Zusammenhang gebracht werden? Wie es sich zeigt, ist die Frage eine moderne Formulierung der klassischen philosophischen Frage: "Wie ist das Verhältnis von Körper und Geist?"

"Le Manifeste du Parti communiste" est un essai politico-philosophique rédigé par le philosophe allemand Karl Marx en 1848 avec la participation de son ami Friedrich Engels. "Le Manifeste du Parti communiste" peut être vu comme un résumé de la pensée marxiste.

L'ordre du Temple était un ordre religieux et militaire issu de la chevalerie chrétienne du Moyen Âge, ses membres étaient appelés les Templiers. Il y eu jusqu'à 15 000 chevaliers. Cet ordre fut créé en 1129, et œuvra à l'accompagnement et à la protection des pèlerins pour Jérusalem dans le contexte de la guerre sainte et des croisades. Il participa activement aux batailles. Il constitua à travers l'Europe un réseau de monastères appelés commanderies.

Général et homme politique romain, Jules César créa les bases du système impérial romain. Son destin exceptionnel marqua le monde romain et l'histoire universelle.

"La Lettre à Ménécée" est une lettre écrite par le philosophe Épicure à son disciple Ménécée. Le texte résume la doctrine éthique d'Épicure et propose une méthode pour atteindre le bonheur, en même temps qu'elle en précise les conditions.

La résistance et la désobéissance civile ? Un sujet toujours d'actualité. De nos jours, les Indignés, les Anonymous, les Zadistes et tant d'autres citoyens engagés et parfois révoltés veulent exprimer leurs convictions citoyennes en s'affranchissant des traditionnels relais politiques, dans un désir de démocratie directe engagée.

"L'art d'avoir toujours raison" est un petit traité pratique et humoristique de mauvaise foi : de façon à la fois sarcastique et pragmatique, Schopenhauer y expose une série de stratagèmes permettant de l'emporter lors de controverses, indépendamment de la vérité du point de vue que l'on soutient.

Les pages de Karl Marx qu'il faut connaître - "Manifeste du Parti Communiste", Fragments & "Lettre De Marx à J. Weydemayer".

"Il contratto sociale" del 1762 conteneva la proposta politica di Rousseau per la rifondazione della società sulla base di un patto equo - costitutivo del popolo come corpo sovrano, solo detentore del potere legislativo e suddito di sé stesso. Opera controversa e fonte inesauribile di aspri dibattiti sin dalla sua prima comparsa, "Il contratto sociale" impose Rousseau come uno tra i principali pensatori dell'Illuminismo francese. Trattato filosofico-politico, senz'altro uno dei maggiori mai scritti, in esso l'autore affronta il problema fondamentale del rapporto tra individuo e società.

Gli aforismi su "La saggezza della vita di Arthur Schopenhauer" costituiscono un classico della letteratura di uno dei maggiori moralisti di tutti i tempi. L'opera indica una via che dovrebbe consentirci di vivere più serenamente o il meno infelicemente possibile. "Bastare a se stesso, esser per se stesso tutto in tutto, e poter dire: "Omnia mea mecum porto" (porto con me tutte le cose mie), ecco certamente la condizione più favorevole per la nostra felicità". Arthur Schopenhauer è stato un filosofo tedesco, cittadino espatriato del regno di Prussia.

Der Klassiker über das Aussteigerleben und ein radikales Selbstexperiment in der Natur: Der 28-jährige Henry D. Thoreau zog sich 1845 an den Walden-See in eine einsame Waldregion Massachusetts in eine selbstgebaute Blockhütte zurück, um zwei Jahre lang ein Leben fernab der industrialisierten Zivilisation zu leben. Bis heute ist dieses sprachlich versierte Buch, das auf Thoreaus Tagebucheinträgen basiert, für alle interessant, die einen alternativen Lebensstil erstreben.

Witz, Satire und die Lust an absurden Kontrasten: In seinen Glossen sieht Hellmuth Karasek der Zeit beim Vergehen zu und versucht, wenigstens die Komik festzuhalten. "Karasek ist eine Erzählernatur." Felicitas von Lovenberg, F.A.Z. Eigentlich küsst man Kröten nicht - man schluckt sie als unangenehme Wahrheiten hinunter. Nur Frösche küsst man - im Märchen, damit sie sich in Prinzen verwandeln. Doch die Glosse verhält sich zur Realität so, als müsste ihr Autor dauernd Kröten schlucken.

Aristotle's Poetics is best known for its definition and analysis of tragedy and comedy, but it also applies to truth and beauty as they are manifested in the other arts. In our age, when the natural and social sciences have dominated the quest for truth, it is helpful to consider why Aristotle claimed: "poetry is more philosophical and more significant than history." Like so many other works by Aristotle, the Poetics has dominated the way we have thought about all forms of dramatic performance in Europe and America ever since.

Berkeley uses the Socratic mode of inquiry in "Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous" to question fundamental beliefs about knowledge and reality. These dialogues are between Hylas (whose name is derived from the ancient Greek word for matter) and Philonous, whose name means "lover of mind." The new physical sciences developed in the seventeenth century supported the materialism proposed by Thomas Hobbes and several other philosophers. This worldview proclaimed that all of reality consists of nothing but matter in motion, thus promoting atheism and ethical skepticism.

John Stuart Mill's "On Liberty" was first published in 1859. In the 21st century this text confirms Socrates' claim that "it is only the life of true philosophy that scorns the life of political ambition" (Plato's Republic, 521). Mill's thinking about freedom in civic and social life examines fundamental principles shared among conservative, liberal, and radical politicians. The life of true philosophy stands outside the political battles that are rampant in society and seeks the political wisdom that is necessary for a good life in any age.

In Euthyphro, Socrates is on his way to the court where he must defend himself against serious charges brought by religious and political authorities. On the way, he meets Euthyphro, an expert on religious matters, who has come to prosecute his own father. Socrates questions Euthyphro’s claim that religion serves as the basis for ethics. Plato lived in Athens, Greece. He wrote approximately two-dozen dialogues that explore core topics that are essential to all human beings.

Socrates questions Ion, an actor who just won a major prize, about his ability to interpret the epic poetry of Homer. How does an actor, a poet, or any other artist create? Is it by knowing? Is it by inspiration? As the dialogue proceeds, the nature of human creativity emerges as a mysterious process and an unsolved puzzle. Plato lived in Athens, Greece. He wrote approximately two-dozen dialogues that explore core topics that are essential to all human beings.

Laches, a general in the Athenian army, saw Socrates fight bravely in the battle of Delium. When he and Nicias, another general, are asked to explain the idea of courage, they are at a loss and words fail them. How does courage differ from thoughtless and reckless audacity? Can a lion be said to be courageous? What about small children who have little idea of the dangers they face? Should we call people courageous who do not know whether their bravery will produce good or bad consequences?

A dialogue between Socrates and Meno probes the subject of ethics. Can goodness be taught? If it can, then we should be able to find teachers capable of instructing others about what is good and bad, right and wrong, or just and unjust. Socrates and Meno are unable to identify teachers of ethics, and we are left wondering how such knowledge could be acquired. To answer that puzzle, Socrates questions one of Meno’s servants in an attempt to show that we know fundamental ideas by recollecting them.

"Plato was not a Platonist! I would like to show... that anyone who reads the dialogues of Plato without bias or an ax to grind will find a humorous, witty, pleasant friend; and not a desiccated scholarly mandarin. Plato was an open-minded, tolerant, reasonable individual, not a tight-lipped, pietistic, puritan. In a word, Plato was an Athenian, not a Spartan!". In the twenty-four centuries that have passed since the Athenians put Socrates to death, every generation has interpreted the meaning of Plato’s work differently.