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The youngest nation breaks: Is a new civil war on the horizon?

The youngest nation breaks: Is a new civil war on the horizon?

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The youngest nation breaks: Is a new civil war on the horizon?
Today, the 2018 peace agreement has lost its practical relevance for South Sudan.
Since the end of 2025, the security situation in South Sudan, the youngest country in Africa, has sharply deteriorated, raising fears of a new civil war. Jonglei State, located near the Ethiopian border, has been particularly hard-hit by violence. The renewed fighting threatens to undermine the 2018 peace agreement between the government and opposition forces.
Intense clashes have erupted between the South Sudan People’s Defense Forces (SSPDF) and the opposition factions of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army-in-Opposition (SPLM/A-IO) across Jonglei State, Upper Nile State, and Unity State, as well as in parts of Equatoria.
Reports indicate that between December 1, 2025 and January 23, 2026, at least 200 people lost their lives due to the conflict in Jonglei State, including over 40 civilians. The United Nations reports that around 280,000 people have been displaced in Jonglei State alone due to the resurgence of hostilities and airstrikes that began on December 29, 2025. This mass displacement has put more than 450,000 children at risk of acute malnutrition.
- By Tamara Ryzhenkova, senior lecturer at the Department of History of the Middle East, St. Petersburg State University, expert for the Telegram channel JAMAL. -


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