• Professor David Mabberley is a world renowned botanist, writer and public speaker, who specialises in the taxonomy of tropical plants. Over more than 50 years he has authored countless scientific papers and identified dozens of new plant species through fieldwork conducted in Africa, Asia, the Pacific, and Australia. He is a former Keeper of the Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew & Director Emeritus of Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. He is an emeritus fellow at Wadham College, University of Oxford; adjunct professor at Macquarie University, Sydney; and professor emeritus at the University of Leiden. He has been awarded the Engler Medal in Silver, José Cuatrecasas Medal for Excellence in Tropical Botany and the Linnean Medal - twice. He is also the author of the recently published book Citrus: A World History (link below).The citrus fruit industry is heading for complete collapse and there may not be anything anyone can do about it. We discuss exactly why this is happening and what the potential solutions are, but also take a deep dive into the history of citrus fruits, from their unique biology, early cultivation, hybridisation and mutation, and discover the great grand parents of the modern citrus fruit industry. We delve into the history of citrus as medicine, perfume and culinary uses, as well as their appearance in art and design. Then we discuss the modern citrus industry, the discovery of new species, and hopes for the future.

  
  

  Citrus: A World History - https://www.thamesandhudsonusa.com/books/citrus-a-world-history-hardcover

  
  

  00:00 Introduction

  03:05 Is the Citrus Fruit Industry Doomed?

  05:05 The Origins of Citrus Fruit, Asia, Citron, Pomelo, Mandarin, Wild Citrus Fruits, Hybrids

  09:20 Ancient Farming and Cultivation of Citrus - Arab Trading, Alexander the Great

  11:12 Citrus in the Renaissance Period, Medici, European Orangeries, Art

  14:25 Uses of Citrus Fruit Through History

  16:40 Coca-Cola, Perfume & Early Grey Tea: Bergamots and Neroli

  20:30 Morphology of Citrus Fruit - Peel, Segments, Seeds, Vesicles

  24:02 Distribution Strategies of Citrus Fruit & Life Cycle

  26:30 Presence of Caffeine and DMT in Citrus

  27:48 Citrus as Medicine, Makruts and Limes, Contraception, Scurvy

  33:35 Rose’s Lime Cordial & Marmalade

• 36:53 Limes: Key Lime vs. Tahiti, Seedless Mutants

• 39:37 Sweet Orange Varieties: Clementines, Tangerines & Satsumas, Diversification

  43:05 Grapefruits: Origins and Genetics, Effects on Medication

• 45:15 The Citrus Market: Growing, Insecticides, Hunalonbing, Challenges, Collapse of US Industry

• 52:10 Possible Scenarios for the Citrus Industry, Asian Citrus Psyllid, Importance of Diversity

  57:57 Closing Thoughts

  
  

  🙏 This episode is sponsored by Fever-Tree📷 Follow me on Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/tristanstephenson/📚 I've written quite a few books on spirits and cocktails - https://www.thecuriousbartender.com/

Kevin Armstrong is a bartender, bar owner, spirits and cocktail educator and the author of Round Building, a manual for the professional bartender. Kevin rose to fame in the London bar scene over 20 years ago as the group bar manager for the Match Bar Group. He wrote and deployed the most comprehensive cocktail training program of the era, contributing significantly to the critical acclaim of bars like Milk & Honey, The Player, Trailer Happiness, and Sosho to name a few. He has since gone on to open Satan’s Whiskers, which over its 12 years of existence has become one of the best loved bars in London and more recently featured in the World’s Best Bars.

Kev and I were together in Scotland a few weeks ago and got inthralled in some deep conversations about cocktails and bars. He is known to have strong and well thought out opinions on various topics pertaining to drinks and drinking, so I was delighted when he agreed to come on the podcast. I was also keen to hear about the rise of Satans Whiskers as a globally recognised venue.

On the episode you can expect to hear about Kev’s early career in bars and how he transitioned to the match bar group, you can hear us remeniss over the London bar scene as it was in the early noughties, we talk about his time at Soul Shakers working with Michael butt and bars like Mahiki, then becoming a bar operator, first with pubs and then Satan's whiskers. We spend some time talking about modern cocktail bars, both the things we like and don’t like, including homogeneity, ingredients, batching, and more, then we touch on bar awards and finally finish with a surprise quiz! Well, a surprise for Kev that is - not me.

Episode Sponsored by Fever-Tree

Iván Saldaña is a Mexican biologist and internationally recognised expert on agave spirits. With a PhD from the University of Sussex, his research focuses on agave ecology and evolution. Saldaña co-founded Montelobos Mezcal and Casa Lumbre, launching innovative brands like Ancho Reyes, Abasolo whisky, and Sotol Nocheluna. He blends scientific expertise with sustainable practices, and is one of the leading voices in the global agave and spirits industries.

In this episode, we explore the fascinating world of agave, from biology and genetic diversity to the risks of monoculture farming and crucial pollinators like bats. We discuss the role of terroir in tequila, explore fermentation variables before delving into Mezcal's denominations of origin, ancestral methods, environmental politics, and the balance between tradition and modernity. Lastly, we cover other intriguing Mexican spirits such as Sotol—including celebrity-backed brands like Nocheluna—as well as innovative non-alcoholic spirits like Almave, and concluded with Abasolo Whisky and the cultural significance of nixtamalised corn drinks.

This episode is sponsored by Fever-Tree

Find Casa Lumbre (and all their products) here - https://www.casalumbretour.com

Thanks to Paolo for making this happen, and to Carlos for letting us record at Café Pacifico.

Luca Gargano, CEO of Velier, is one of the most influential figures in rum, known for transforming the rum category globally. Based in Genoa, Italy, Luca's expertise spans wine and spirits trading, authorship, and deep-rooted connections within the Caribbean rum world.

In this episode, Luca discusses his extensive experience travelling the Caribbean, beginning with his early life and connections to Rhum St James in Martinique. He explores the evolution of the Italian rum market, influenced by historical events like communism and the popularity of Cuban rum. Luca provides insights into rum classification based on raw materials and distillation methods, alongside discussions on tropical ageing, angel's share economics, esterification, and authenticity in production. The conversation touches on critical issues of transparency and labelling regarding additives and sugar in rum.

He reflects on the dynamics of partnerships versus independent bottling, highlighting his collaboration with Foursquare Distillery and Richard Seale. Luca offers detailed knowledge of Haiti's Clairin, including historical context, production methods, logistical challenges, and the ageing process. The narrative then turns to his discovery and revitalisation of Trinidad’s Caroni rum. He discusses the philosophy behind knowledge sharing in hospitality, the importance of seminars, and balancing tradition with modern technology.

Finally, Luca introduces his visionary "Nomad Project" inspired by HMS Walrus, a floating rum distillery, and Mother Mesccia, an innovative Haitian and Monaco rum project aged in Marsala and Vermouth casks, offering insights into future rum innovations.

• Velier Official Website: www.velier.it

• Foursquare Rum Distillery: www.foursquare-rum.com

• Caroni History: Caroni Rum History

• Clairin - The Spirit of Haiti: Clairin Rum Information

Desmond Payne MBE is Master Distiller Emeritus of Beefeater, one of the world's best loved and most respected gin brands. He is the longest serving gin master distiller in the world, having also spent a 20 year stint at Plymouth Gin. And he is perhaps the most respected gin distiller alive today.I sat down with him in his office at the Beefeater Distillery in London to discuss the history of the brand, the challenges that gin distillers face, the tension between innovation and tradition, what Desmond thinks about the current state and future prospects of the gin category, and much more.

If you enjoy this podcast please give it a rating.

Episode sponsored by Fever-Tree

Jonathan, known to his friends as JD, is a bar and restaurant operator of nearly 30 years who has been responsible for some of the best loved and most influential cocktail bars of the early 21st century. In 1997 he founded the Match Bar group which through JD’s uncompromising vision and an illustrious cast of future superstar bartenders, made for groundbreaking venues as Match Bar, The Player, Milk & Honey London, Sosho and more. These bars along with the likes of LAB, Lonsdale and others set the standard for cocktail excellence in London through the first decade of the century, defining a generation of drinking in the capital and inspiring all that came after globally.

JD then went on to found Street Feast which brought together small food and drink vendors in disused or otherwise useless spaces (like old car parks or former markets) with music and entertainment. Street feast was a casualty of covid however, but JD is now back and involved with a couple of new restaurant projects which we touch on briefly at the end of the conversation.

The main part of our chat is centred around the remarkable story of the Match Bar group. Expect to learn how JD met Dick Bradsell by pure chance and convinced him to help open the first Match Bar. How Dale DeGroff became the director of cocktails for Match Bars and introduced Jonathan to a certain Sasha Petraske and a new and title known bar in New York called Milk & Honey. How Sosho and the East Rooms burned to the ground in 2010 jeopardising the whole business, what in JD’s eyes makes a great bar, what he thinks of the current state of cocktail bars in London, and much more.

This episode is sponsored by Fever-Tree mixers.

Jaime Orendain is a tequilero based at the El Llano Distillery in Tequila Town, Mexico. The Orendain family are considered one of the four founding families of tequila and remain the only family owned producer of the founding four. Jaime and his brother Eduardo established the Arette brand of tequila in the 1980's from the El Llano distillery, and today are amongst the most respected producers of authentic tequila in Mexico.

In this episode, you can expect to learn about the fascinating history of the Orendain family and their deep roots in Tequila Town, as well as the legacy of the El Llano distillery. The conversation explores the evolution of tequila production, from traditional methods to modern efficiencies, including the use of diffusers and additives. You’ll hear about the cooperative spirit among tequila families, agave cultivation, and the production practices at El Llano. The episode also tackles common misconceptions about tequila, and features guided tastings of Arette Artesenal Reposado and Extra Añejo, highlighting the differences between autoclave and brick oven cooking, and the story behind the brand's namesake horse. There’s an in-depth discussion on fermentation vessels—steel versus concrete—and a nostalgic reflection on early Arette tequila and the family business. Finally, the episode delves into high-proof expressions, current concerns around competition, rising agave prices, and cristalino tequilas.

https://www.tequilaarette.com/Thankyou to Cafe Paifico in London for hosting this conversation.This episode is sponsored by Fever-Tree Mixers.

Ed Hughes is a certified beer sommelier, the author of Just add Beer - a book about beer and food pairing - and also one of my oldest friends. Based in Cornwall he works at Sharps Brewery as an educator and advocate for Molson Coors but also the beer category as a whole.

This is a wide ranging conversation about beer, where we drink through 10 different beers reflecting a bunch of styles, whilst covering the ingredients, production, marketing, packaging, culture and public perception of beer - with more than a little bit of beer and food chat. Quite a few chefs get name checked.

Expect to learn how German lagers dominated the world, what defines a cask ale, who drinks the most beer in the world, what food you should pair a Belgian Lambic Ale with, and what a 10% beer aged 14 years tastes like.

Beers Tasted:

• Sharp’s Offshore Pilsner
• Staropramen
• Bamberg Rauchbier
• Sharps Doom Bar
• Blue Moon
• Sharps Chalky’s Bite
• Duchesse de Bourgogne
• Boon Oude Geuze
• Sharp’s Quadruple Ale 2011

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Ed's Book - https://www.amazon.co.uk/Just-Add-Beer-Ed-Hughes/dp/1999647807

Sponsored by Fever-tree Mixers