Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) refers to bleeding into the subarachnoid space. While SAH is often caused by trauma, 5–10% of cases are nontraumatic or spontaneous, in which case they are often due to the rupture of an aneurysm involving the circle of Willis (aneurysmal SAH). Nontraumatic SAH typically manifests with sudden and severe headache, which may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, signs of meningism, and/or acute loss of consciousness. The best initial diagnostic test is a head CT without contrast, in which acute subarachnoid bleeding can be seen as hyperdensities in the subarachnoid space. If a head CT is negative for SAH, this diagnosis can be ruled out in many patients. However, if clinical suspicion remains high, it may be necessary to perform a lumbar puncture or CT angiography. Once SAH is confirmed, angiography is always necessary in order to identify the source of bleeding (e.g., aneurysms or other vascular abnormalities) and plan definitive treatment. The management of traumatic and nontraumatic SAH consists mostly of neuroprotective measures (e.g., control of blood pressure) to prevent secondary brain injuries. In aneurysmal SAH, microsurgical clipping or endovascular coiling of the aneurysm is indicated to prevent potentially fatal rebleeding. Aneurysmal SAH has a high mortality rate as a result of complications such as rebleeding and delayed cerebral ischemia.