A wax figurine forgotten in museum storage. A book of poems that prophesied a ghost. A woman on a beach who found something she wasn't looking for. In the final episode of the Charleston Gothic series, the investigation returns to where it began — the Dock Street Theatre — and follows the last of three trails through Charleston's tangled relationship with Edgar Allan Poe. Along the way, a century-old literary vision resurfaces, a forgotten poet speaks truths the city wasn't ready to hear, and the question that launched the series finally gets its answer.

Sources referenced in the episode:

Books

Israfel: The Life and Times of Edgar Allan Poe by Hervey Allen (1926)

Carolina Chansons: Legends of the Low Country by DuBose Heyward and Hervey Allen (1922)

The Arrow of Lightning by Beatrice Witte Ravenel (1926)

The Dreamer: A Romantic Rendering of the Life-Story of Edgar Allan Poe by Mary Newton Stanard

Edgar Allan Poe's Charleston by Christopher Byrd Downey

Poe's Brother: The Poems of William Henry Leonard Poe by Hervey Allen and Thomas Ollive Mabbott

Ghosts and Legends of Charleston by Denise Rolfe (2010)

Poe-Land by J.W. Ocker

Sheppard Lee, Written By Himself by Robert Montgomery Bird (1836)

Poems

"Edgar Allan Poe" by DuBose Heyward (from Carolina Chansons)

"Alchemy" by Hervey Allen (from Carolina Chansons)

"Poe's Mother" by Beatrice Witte Ravenel (from The Arrow of Lightning)

Articles

"A Source for 'Annabel Lee'" by Robert Adger Law (1922)

Plays

Nevermore by Julian Wiles (1994)

Scholarly Work

Thomas Ollive Mabbott's annotated edition of Poe's works (notes on "Annabel Lee")

Louis Rubin's new edition of Beatrice Witte Ravenel's poems (1969)

Historical Sources

Charleston Evening Post coverage of the 1923 Charleston Museum diorama unveiling

"The Mourner" an anonymous poem, Charleston Courier (1807)

People Referenced as Sources/Informants

Eric Lavender, Charleston tour guide

Christopher Byrd Downey, author and historian

Scott Peeples, Poe scholar (quoted via Ocker's Poe-Land)

Episode 51: The Unfortunate Pirate

For over a century, "Annabel Lee" has been read as Edgar Allan Poe's final love poem—a haunting elegy to his child bride Virginia, written months before his death. But what if we've been wrong about the poem's true subject all along?

In this episode, Mike follows a trail of evidence from a forgotten 1827 tale about a murderous pirate to the windswept shores of Sullivan's Island, where Poe was stationed as a young soldier. Along the way, he uncovers a family accusation that pursued Poe his entire life, a poem he was forced to burn, and the testimony of a woman who nursed him through his darkest hours.

What emerges is a radical reinterpretation of America's most famous poem of loss—and a story about what it means to defend someone you love when the whole world has turned against them.

The grave of Annabel Lee has finally been found. It was never where anyone thought to look.

Sources Referenced in Episode 51: The Unfortunate Pirate

Primary Sources & Archival Materials

Ellis & Allan Papers, Library of Congress (John Allan's 1824 letter to William Henry Leonard Poe)

Charleston Courier, December 4, 1807 ("The Mourner" by D.M.C.; theatrical advertisements for Placide's company)

Charleston News and Courier, September 15, 1912 (account of the Pirate's House legend)

The North American (Baltimore periodical containing "The Pirate" by W.H.P., published November 27, 1827)

Flag of Our Union (Boston, 1849 — publication of "To My Mother")

New York Tribune (publication of "Annabel Lee," October 1849)

Broadway Journal, 1845 (Poe's defense of his mother's profession)

John Henry Ingram correspondence with Marie Louise Shew (1875–1877)

Works by Edgar Allan Poe

"Annabel Lee" (1849)

"To My Mother" (1849)

"Song" (from Tamerlane and Other Poems, 1827)

"To M. L. S." (1847)

"To Marie Louise" (1848)

The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket

Secondary Sources & Biographies

Hervey Allen — Poe biographer (collaborated with Thomas Ollive Mabbott)

Thomas Ollive Mabbott — Poe scholar (1927 discovery of W.H.P. works in The North American)

Robert Adger Law, "A Source for 'Annabel Lee'" (April 1922) — article tracing the poem to the Charleston Courier

John Henry Ingram — early Poe biographer

J.W. Ocker, Poe-Land: The Hallowed Haunts of Edgar Allan Poe

Scott Peeples — Poe scholar (quoted in Poe-Land)

Contemporary Accounts & Memoirs

John Sartain — account of Poe's 1849 Philadelphia breakdown

N.P. Willis — description of Maria Clemm as "Edgar's sole ministering angel"

Marie Louise Shew — correspondence and forty pages of notes from Fordham

Mary Starr — recollections of the Poe household in Baltimore

Samuel Mordecai — letter describing fashionable visitors to Elizabeth Poe's deathbed

Colonel James House — March 30, 1829 letter requesting Poe's discharge

Historical & Architectural References

Robert Mills — architect of the Fireproof Building (Charleston, 1827) and Monumental Church (Richmond, 1814)

Richmond Theatre Fire accounts (December 26, 1811)

Previous Episodes Referenced

"Night Sea Voyage" (Dock Street Theatre, Julian Wiles's Nevermore!)

"Buried Treasures" (Charleston's Gold-Bug mythology, Alexander Lenard)

"Juliet's Tomb" (Alexander Lenard's biography, the A.L.R. tombstone)

"Tekeli" (Robert Adger Law's discovery, Eliza Poe's Charleston performances, Tekeli connection)

CHARLESTON GOTHIC Episode 4: Tekeli

The Charleston Library Society has survived fires, hurricanes, earthquakes, and war—emerging each time with its treasures intact. Among those treasures: the world's most complete archive of Charleston newspapers from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

In this episode, we enter the stacks where a ghost named Hinson is said to wander, where Henry Timrod's blood-stained manuscript bears witness to a poet's final days, and where a century-old scholarly article waited decades for someone to understand what it revealed.

What was Edgar Allan Poe really searching for when he visited Charleston's archives during his time at Fort Moultrie? For over a hundred years, the legend said he came looking for pirate treasure—the buried gold that would inspire "The Gold-Bug." But a 1922 discovery by a Texas scholar suggested something far more personal.

Following threads that connect the Poetry Society of South Carolina, a Harvard-trained philologist, and the vanished stage of the Charleston Theatre, we trace Poe's footsteps to a secret hidden in plain sight—one that may unlock the strangest passage he ever wrote.

The answer lies where it has always been: in the newspapers, in the archives, in the advertisements for a play called Tekeli.

Sources:

Books

- Allen, Hervey. Israfel: The Life and Times of Edgar Allan Poe (1926)

- Allen, Hervey and DuBose Heyward. Carolina Chansons (1922)

- Allen, Hervey and Thomas Ollive Mabbott. Poe's Brother: The Life and Poetry of William Henry Leonard Poe (1926)

- Downey, Christopher Byrd. Edgar Allan Poe's Charleston (2020)

- Kopley, Richard. Edgar Allan Poe: A Life (2025)

- Mabbott, Thomas Ollive, ed. Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe, Volume 1: Poems (Harvard University Press, 1969)

- Poe, Edgar Allan. The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket (1838)

- Ravenel, Beatrice Witte. The Arrow of Lightning (1926)

Academic Articles

- Law, Robert Adger. "A Source for 'Annabel Lee'" Journal of English and Germanic Philology, Volume 21 (April 1922)

- Peeples, Scott and Michelle Van Parys. "Unburied Treasure: Edgar Allan Poe in the South Carolina Lowcountry." Southern Cultures (2016)

Newspapers & Periodicals

- Charleston Courier (December 4, 1807)

- Charleston Courier (March 22, 1811)

- Charleston Mercury (2011)

- News and Courier (February 6, 1889)

- News and Courier (1938)

- Southern Patriot (July 25, 1833)

- Russell's Magazine

- Southern Literary Messenger

- Texas Review / Southwest Review

Archival & Primary Sources

- Charleston Library Society archives

- Journal of English and Germanic Philology, Volume 21 — inscribed "Gift of author, Oct. 1934"

- Surveyor's plat for Captain William C. Hammer (February 16, 1867)

- Affidavit dated September 5, 1745 (Cid Campeador treasure deposition)

Plays

- Hook, Theodore Edward (libretto) and James Hook (music). Tekeli; or, The Siege of Montgatz

Television

- "Time Enough at Last." The Twilight Zone (1959)

Reference Works

- South Carolina Encyclopedia (entry on Henry Timrod)

Interviews & Personal Communications

- Christopher Byrd Downey (conversation at Owlbear Café)

- Danielle Cox, Digital Historian, Charleston Library Society

- Scott Peeples, phone interview