In this JACC Deep Dive, Dr. Harlan Krumholz highlights a study by Ikemura et al. that used data from the ISCHEMIA trial to model how angina symptoms evolve over three years in patients with stable coronary disease treated either invasively or conservatively. The study identified six distinct symptom trajectories, showing that while most patients improved over time, those undergoing revascularization were more likely to experience rapid and complete symptom relief. However, the benefit was not uniform—patients with frequent baseline angina saw the greatest improvement, and some had persistent symptoms regardless of treatment. These findings underscore the importance of personalized, shared decision-making based on a patient's likely symptom trajectory rather than a binary treatment choice.

In this JACC Deep Dive, Dr. Harlan Krumholz discusses a pre-specified analysis from the SUMMIT trial, which evaluated the effects of tirzepatide in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and obesity, both with and without type 2 diabetes. The study found that tirzepatide significantly improved symptoms, function, and reduced heart failure events, with similar benefits regardless of diabetes status, though weight loss was slightly less in those with diabetes. Importantly, cardiac structural improvements (LV mass and pericardial fat regression) were also similar across both groups, suggesting benefits beyond weight loss alone. The trial's strengths included its integrated design and imaging substudy, though limitations such as modest imaging power and baseline group differences were noted. Clinically, the results support using tirzepatide in HFpEF patients with obesity, regardless of diabetes status, as the benefits remain robust.

In this Deep Dive, Editor-in-Chief Dr. Harlan Krumholz explores a pragmatic, randomized crossover trial testing whether in-home HEPA filtration can reduce blood pressure in adults living near high-traffic roadways. The findings offer early insights into how targeted environmental interventions may influence cardiovascular risk—especially among individuals with elevated baseline systolic blood pressure.