R.J. Rushdoony examines the foundation of Western civilization through law, religion, and culture, drawing on Harold Berman’s Law and Revolution and Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy. He emphasizes the papal revolution of Hildebrand (Pope Gregory VII), which freed the Church from feudal and monarchical control, establishing the inseparable connection between law and religion. This connection, reinforced by the biblical doctrine of the Atonement, shows law as fundamental to God’s justice and human accountability. Subsequent revolutions—the Protestant Reformation, the English, American, French, and Russian revolutions—further transformed law and society, but modern secularization has severed law from religion, leaving both rootless and morally ineffectual.

Rushdoony critiques modern education, Enlightenment rationalism, and figures like John Locke for promoting moral autonomy over divine law, undermining family, society, and Christian civilization. He contrasts this with historical examples, such as St. Charles Borromeo and medieval cathedral communities, which integrated law, faith, and civic life. Historical analysis, including works by Bainton, Dunlop, Bode, McManners, and Kaiser, illustrates the enduring societal role of Christian law, communal responsibility, and faith, including the example of Amish and Mennonite communities in caring for children with disabilities with eternal perspective.

Ultimately, Rushdoony stresses that restoring Christendom requires returning to biblical law as the foundation of religion and society, reaffirming human accountability, moral order, and the integration of faith into all aspects of life.