Fr. Timothy Gallagher continues his explanation of Saint Ignatius of Loyola’s third mode of discernment, focusing on what to do when clarity does not arise after weighing advantages and disadvantages through the “four columns” method. Using the example of a man discerning between remaining in finance or entering medicine, Father Gallagher explains that St. Ignatius offers a second approach within this mode for moments when peace is present but certainty remains elusive. This approach begins with interior freedom—being genuinely open to either option—and then applies three objective tests: advising an imagined stranger in the same situation, viewing the decision from the end of one’s life, and considering it in light of standing before God at judgment. Each test creates distance from personal pressure and helps the choice come into focus.

Fr. Gallagher illustrates this process through his own experience discerning whether to continue as provincial after ten demanding years. After prayer, consultation, and written reflection, clarity emerged quickly when he applied the first of the three tests, revealing that stepping aside was the wiser course. He underscores the importance of beginning discernment early, gathering accurate information, remaining in a calm interior state, writing reasons down concretely, and seeking guidance when decisions carry weight.

1. When facing an important decision, how free and open is my heart to choosing either option if it truly leads me closer to God?
2. Have I taken enough time in prayer and reflection to reach a place of interior calm before attempting to make this decision?
3. What reasons, viewed in the light of faith and eternal life, draw me more strongly toward one option over the other?
4. If I were advising another person in my exact situation, what choice would I honestly recommend to them?
5. When I imagine myself at the end of my life, which decision do I believe I would wish I had made?
6. How does considering this choice from the perspective of standing before God help clarify what truly matters?
7. Have I written out and thoughtfully reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of each option without rushing the process?
8. In what ways might seeking counsel from a wise spiritual guide help me see this discernment more clearly?

From The Discernment of God’s Will in Everyday Decisions:

“Three Times in which a Sound and Good Choice May Be Made

The first time is when God Our Lord so moves and attracts the will that, without doubting or being able to doubt, the devout soul follows what is shown to it, as St. Paul and St. Matthew did in following Christ our Lord.

The second time is when sufficient clarity and understanding is received through experience of consolations and desolations, and through experience of discernment of different spirits.

The third time is one of tranquility, when one considers first for what purpose man is born, that is, to praise God our Lord and save his soul, and, desiring this, chooses as a means to this end some life or state within the bounds of the Church, so that he may be helped in the service of his Lord and the salvation of his soul. I said a tranquil time, that is, when the soul is not agitated by different spirits, and uses its natural powers freely and tranquilly.

If the choice is not made in the first or second time, two ways of making it in this third time are given below.”

Father Timothy M. Gallagher, O.M.V., was ordained in 1979 as a member of the Oblates of the Virgin Mary, a religious community dedicated to retreats and spiritual formation according to the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius. Fr. Gallagher is featured on the EWTN series “Living the Discerning Life: The Spiritual Teachings of St. Ignatius of Loyola”. For more information on how to obtain copies of Fr. Gallaghers’s various books and audio which are available for purchase, please visit his website: frtimothygallagher.org