In this episode of The Battle for African Agriculture, Million Belay speaks with seed law expert François Meinberg to unpack the complex issues surrounding Plant Variety Protection (PVP) laws and their impact on African farmers. The conversation explores how international frameworks like UPOV 1991 and the TRIPS Agreement often prioritize corporate interests, undermining farmers' rights to save, exchange, and develop seeds. Meinberg explains how these legal systems threaten biodiversity, restrict innovation, and erode indigenous knowledge systems that have long supported resilient food production in Africa. The episode also highlights the pressure African countries face to adopt restrictive seed laws, often at the expense of local food security and sovereignty. Meinberg emphasizes the importance of civil society advocacy, farmer-managed seed systems, and integrating traditional knowledge into legal frameworks. Together, they call for evidence-based policymaking and a balanced legal approach that supports both breeders and farmers, urging African leaders to resist trade agreements that compromise the continent’s agricultural future.

In this powerful episode of Battle for African Agriculture, Dr. Million Belay speaks with Dr. Carlos M. Correa—renowned legal scholar and Executive Director of the South Centre—about one of the most high-stakes battlegrounds in African agriculture: seed laws. Dr. Correa exposes how international agreements like UPOV 1991 were crafted without farmers and now threaten seed sovereignty across the Global South. He unpacks how trade deals and donor-driven pressures are pushing African countries to adopt legal regimes that prioritize corporate breeders over the rights of smallholder farmers, risking the erosion of biodiversity, local seed systems, and community resilience. Through sharp analysis and decades of experience, Dr. Correa highlights legal alternatives such as sui generis models and global frameworks like ITPGRFA and UNDROP that defend farmers’ rights and promote biodiversity. Together, he and Million explore how African countries can resist legal harmonization that serves foreign interests and instead champion laws grounded in local realities and food justice. This episode is a wake-up call for policymakers and a guiding light for movements working to protect seed freedom and decolonize agricultural governance.

In this incisive episode of Battle for African Agriculture, Dr. Million Belay is joined by Dr. Titilayo Adebola, a leading legal scholar whose work sits at the intersection of intellectual property, seed governance, and decolonization. Together, they unpack the deeply colonial roots of Africa’s current seed laws and the growing pressure on African governments to adopt UPOV 1991-style regimes—laws that often privilege corporate breeders at the expense of farmers, biodiversity, and traditional knowledge. Dr. Adebola explains how the African Model Law on Plant Variety Protection offers a bold and Afrocentric alternative, rooted in farmers’ rights, legal pluralism, and community seed systems.

With clarity and conviction, Dr. Adebola outlines the political dynamics shaping seed law harmonization across the continent, from free trade agreements to donor influence. She calls for African leaders to resist one-size-fits-all legal models and instead embrace seed systems that reflect the continent’s ecological, cultural, and legal diversity. This episode is essential listening for anyone who believes seed sovereignty is central to food sovereignty—and who understands that true transformation begins with reclaiming the legal foundations of our food systems