This episode explores the difference between happiness and holiness, challenging the common belief that happiness is life's ultimate goal. For Catholics, the true purpose of life is holiness, not personal happiness.

· Defining Happiness
Most people say their goal is to be happy, but happiness is often equated with comfort, lack of responsibility, or wealth. The episode discusses why these definitions fall short and why happiness, as commonly understood, is fleeting.

· The Field of Positive Psychology Offers Three Levels of Happiness

• • Pleasant Life: Focused on pleasure and short-term enjoyment.
  • Good Life: Built on accomplishment and hard work.
  • Meaningful Life: Rooted in purpose and belonging.
    The episode notes that while positive psychology offers valuable insights, it doesn't fully address the deeper question of meaning, because it is self-defined

· The Limits of Self-Defined Meaning
Modern philosophy (Nominalism) suggests truth and meaning are subjective. Dr. Bickford illustrates how this leads to rationalization and self-deception, using examples from everyday life and Aesop's fables.

· Catholic Perspective: Absolute Truth & Teleology
Catholic teaching holds that God created the universe with purpose, and human flourishing is found in fulfilling that purpose—holiness. The concept of teleology is introduced as the study of final purpose.

· Universal Call to Holiness
Holiness is not reserved for saints or clergy; every baptized person is called to it. The episode references the Catechism (paragraphs 2012–2015) and Vatican II's Lumen Gentium, emphasizing that holiness is the journey of life itself.

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This episode reviews 5 logical arguments that prove God's existence. They come from the Summa Theologica of St Thomas Aquinas. Key points include:

· The Role of Philosophy in Faith:
Why logic and reason are essential for understanding theology and making sound arguments about God's existence. The episode discusses how postmodernism has led to a "crisis of meaning" in Western culture.

· Five Proofs for God's Existence:

• 1. Argument from Motion: Everything in motion was set in motion by something else, leading to the necessity of an "unmoved mover"—God.
  2. Argument from Causation: Every effect has a cause, but there must be a first, uncaused cause—God.
  3. Argument from Contingency: Contingent beings require a necessary being whose existence is essential—God.
  4. Argument from Gradation: The existence of varying degrees of goodness, truth, and beauty points to a perfect source—God as "Being itself."
  5. Argument from Design: The order and intelligibility of the universe suggest intentional design and purpose, ultimately pointing to God.

· Philosophy's Limits:
While philosophy can prove God's existence and certain attributes, deeper knowledge comes from God's self-revelation in scripture and tradition.

Please visit our website: www.AllRoadsLeadtoRome.net. You can sign up for our newsletter, leave me a voice message with a comment or suggestion, get connected with us on socials, and you can become a patron who makes all of this magic happen! AllRoadsLeadToRome.net

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This episode tackles the question, "Are You Saved?"—a common inquiry in Evangelical Protestant circles—and explores how Catholics understand and respond to it. It unpacks the theological differences between Protestant and Catholic views on salvation, free will, grace, and the journey of faith.

It encourages you not to see salvation as a single momentary decision, but as a lifelong process, rooted in grace, free will, and the pursuit of holiness. It is not a quick or individualistic transaction. The episode invites reflection on the depth and richness of the Catholic understanding of faith and salvation.

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This episode explores the depth and meaning of the "Our Father" (the Lord's Prayer), the most widely known prayer in Christianity. We find the prayer in Matthew 6 (in the Sermon on the Mount) and in Luke 11. It is not just a simple prayer, but a spiritual roadmap that encompasses hope, forgiveness, trust, and the pursuit of holiness. St. Augustine said "Run through all the words of any holy prayer, and I do not think you will find anything that is not contained in the Lord's Prayer." So, in the Mass, just before we pray this togvether, the priest says, "and we dare to pray ...". He says that because it is a daring prayer!

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Episode Title: 029 – The 21 Ecumenical Councils of the Church

Description: This episode explores the 21 Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church. It discusses the historical context, key decisions, and theological debates of each council, highlighting their significance in shaping Catholic doctrine and practices. It also emphasizes the importance of understanding these councils to appreciate the Church's efforts in maintaining doctrinal clarity and unity throughout history. It also provides a really fun mnemonic device to help remember the names of the councils: NI – CO – EF – CAL – CO – CO – NI – CO – LA – LA – LA – LA - LY – LY – VI – CO – FLO – LA – TRE – VA – VA

Recommended Reading: The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church by Joseph Kelly

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This episode is a review of St. Augustine's book, "The Confessions." It was the first autobiography ever written. Augustine lived 354 - 430. He is the most quoted Church Father in the Liturgy of the Hours as well as the most quoted by St. Thomas Aquinas.

This book walks through his life, his time with the Manichean religion, his struggles with pride and sensuality, and his ultimate conversion to Christianity. He has significant reflections on sin, grace, and God's providence, as well as his famous quotes such as "Our hearts are restless until they rest in Thee," "Grant me chastity and continence, but not yet," and "Late have I loved Thee, O beauty so ancient and so new, Late hve I loved Thee."

The Confessions is one of the most influential books ever written about the Faith and it is a must read!

Episode Title: 027 – On Becoming Roman Catholic

Episode Summary: In this episode, Dr. Bickford shares the journey of writer Thomas Howard from being Protestant to becoming Anglican and then finally a Roman Catholic. Dr Bickford made a very similar journey and shares it. This episode explores the historical divide between Catholics and Protestants, the theological differences, and the challenges he faced during the transition. The goal of the episode is to help you make the change a one step process, instead of the two steps process both Howard and Bickford went through.

Recommended Reading: Evangelical is Not Enough and On Being Catholic. Both are by Thomas Howard.

If you have questions, comments, or suggestions for future episodes, please let us know at: MSBickford@AllRoadsLeadToRome.net

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Episode Title: 026 - Christmas

Description: In this episode, Dr. Bickford explores the historical, theological and cultural aspects of Christmas. We review the meaning of the Incarnation, prophesies of the birth of the Messiah, the birth of Jesus, and various cultural practices that have developed.

Recommended Reading: The True Meaning of Christmas by Michael Patrick Barber.

Key Points:

• Historical and Religious Context:
• • Explanation of the origin and meaning of Christmas.
  • Discussion on the existence of Jesus and the historical evidence supporting it.
  • Reference to the Catechism and its teachings on Christmas.
• The Incarnation of Jesus:
• • Explanation of the belief in Jesus as the Incarnation of God.
  • Reference to the Nicene Creed and its description of Jesus.
• Prophecies and Birth of Jesus:
• • Discussion on the prophecies about Jesus' birth and their significance.
  • Description of the events leading up to Jesus' birth, including the visits of the Archangel Gabriel to Zechariah and Mary.
• Journey to Bethlehem:
• • Explanation of the journey of Mary and Joseph to Bethlehem and the significance of Bethlehem.
  • Description of the status of Mary and Joseph and the legal aspects of their betrothal.
• Birth of Jesus:
• • Description of the birth of Jesus in a cave and the significance of the manger.
  • Explanation of the tradition of the Christmas creche and its origins.
• Announcement to the Shepherds:
• • Description of the angel's announcement to the shepherds and their significance.
  • Discussion on the role of shepherds in society and their representation in the Christmas story.
• Visit of the Wise Men:
• • Description of the visit of the Wise Men and the significance of their gifts.
  • Explanation of the traditional date of their arrival and the celebration of Epiphany.
• Date of Christmas:
• • Discussion on the date of Christmas and the arguments against it being chosen to replace a pagan holiday.
  • Explanation of the significance of living a "full of years" life and its relation to Jesus' birth date.
• Christmas Traditions:
• • Explanation of various Christmas traditions, including creches, the Christmas tree and Santa Claus.
  • Discussion on the commercialization of Christmas and the importance of focusing on its religious meaning.
• Favorite Christmas Hymn:
• • It ends with a reading of "Let All Mortal Flesh Keep Silence" and its significance.

If you have questions, comments, or suggestions for future episodes, please let us know at: MSBickford@AllRoadsLeadToRome.net

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